Deep Learning-Based Detection of Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Almonds Using Hyperspectral Imaging: A Focus on Optimized 3D Inception–ResNet Model

Deep Learning-Based Detection of Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Almonds Using Hyperspectral Imaging: A Focus on Optimized 3D Inception–ResNet Model

Aflatoxin B1, a toxic carcinogen frequently contaminating almonds, nuts, and food products, poses significant health risks. Therefore, a rapid and non-destructive detection method is crucial to detect aflatoxin B1-contaminated almonds to ensure food safety. This study introduces a novel deep learnin...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Md. Ahasan Kabir, Ivan Lee, Sang-Heon Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Toxins
Subjects:
aflatoxin B1
hyperspectral imaging
Inception–ResNet
convolutional neural network
deep learning
AUC
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/4/156
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