Lycopene and Other Bioactive Compounds’ Extraction from Tomato Processing Industry Waste: A Comparison of Ultrasonication Versus a Conventional Stirring Method
The tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) is a prominent fruit in Mediterranean countries with established biological activities for consumers. Given the widespread distribution of the fruit and its large production, the need to utilize the by-products seems imperative. With a view to...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Konstantinos Mavridis Nikolaos Todas Dimitrios Kalompatsios Vassilis Athanasiadis Stavros I. Lalas |
| author_facet | Konstantinos Mavridis Nikolaos Todas Dimitrios Kalompatsios Vassilis Athanasiadis Stavros I. Lalas |
| author_sort | Konstantinos Mavridis |
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| description | The tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) is a prominent fruit in Mediterranean countries with established biological activities for consumers. Given the widespread distribution of the fruit and its large production, the need to utilize the by-products seems imperative. With a view to valorizing the main carotenoid of tomato processing industry waste, lycopene, as well as other bioactive compounds (i.e., polyphenols), the optimization of a green extraction method involving ultrasound-assisted bath extraction (UBAE) was carried out. The results showed that the optimized UBAE technique achieved substantial yields of total carotenoids (420.8 μg of lycopene equivalents per gram of dry weight (dw)) and total polyphenols (2.62 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dw). Flavonoid naringin (0.48 mg/g dw) and non-flavonoid coniferyl alcohol (0.32 mg/g dw) were the most abundant identified polyphenols. However, comparison with a conventional stirring extraction revealed that the latter technique marked double figures in all assays, including antioxidant activity assays. The study revealed that UBAE was not a preferable technique for recovering carotenoids because of the possible degradation of labile compounds found in tomato processing industry waste. Given that the extraction solvent was pure ethanol, the study established a foundation for the development of a unique lycopene-enriched product in the food industry. It is essential to conduct additional studies using alternative food-grade solvents or other environmentally friendly extraction methods. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj-art-73533982151e435aafaa3a54cce3897e2025-01-24T13:34:40ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242025-01-011117110.3390/horticulturae11010071Lycopene and Other Bioactive Compounds’ Extraction from Tomato Processing Industry Waste: A Comparison of Ultrasonication Versus a Conventional Stirring MethodKonstantinos Mavridis0Nikolaos Todas1Dimitrios Kalompatsios2Vassilis Athanasiadis3Stavros I. Lalas4Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, GreeceDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, GreeceDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, GreeceDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, GreeceDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, GreeceThe tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) is a prominent fruit in Mediterranean countries with established biological activities for consumers. Given the widespread distribution of the fruit and its large production, the need to utilize the by-products seems imperative. With a view to valorizing the main carotenoid of tomato processing industry waste, lycopene, as well as other bioactive compounds (i.e., polyphenols), the optimization of a green extraction method involving ultrasound-assisted bath extraction (UBAE) was carried out. The results showed that the optimized UBAE technique achieved substantial yields of total carotenoids (420.8 μg of lycopene equivalents per gram of dry weight (dw)) and total polyphenols (2.62 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dw). Flavonoid naringin (0.48 mg/g dw) and non-flavonoid coniferyl alcohol (0.32 mg/g dw) were the most abundant identified polyphenols. However, comparison with a conventional stirring extraction revealed that the latter technique marked double figures in all assays, including antioxidant activity assays. The study revealed that UBAE was not a preferable technique for recovering carotenoids because of the possible degradation of labile compounds found in tomato processing industry waste. Given that the extraction solvent was pure ethanol, the study established a foundation for the development of a unique lycopene-enriched product in the food industry. It is essential to conduct additional studies using alternative food-grade solvents or other environmentally friendly extraction methods.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/1/71tomato wastegreen extraction techniquecarotenoidspolyphenolspartial least squares |
| spellingShingle | Konstantinos Mavridis Nikolaos Todas Dimitrios Kalompatsios Vassilis Athanasiadis Stavros I. Lalas Lycopene and Other Bioactive Compounds’ Extraction from Tomato Processing Industry Waste: A Comparison of Ultrasonication Versus a Conventional Stirring Method Horticulturae tomato waste green extraction technique carotenoids polyphenols partial least squares |
| title | Lycopene and Other Bioactive Compounds’ Extraction from Tomato Processing Industry Waste: A Comparison of Ultrasonication Versus a Conventional Stirring Method |
| title_full | Lycopene and Other Bioactive Compounds’ Extraction from Tomato Processing Industry Waste: A Comparison of Ultrasonication Versus a Conventional Stirring Method |
| title_fullStr | Lycopene and Other Bioactive Compounds’ Extraction from Tomato Processing Industry Waste: A Comparison of Ultrasonication Versus a Conventional Stirring Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lycopene and Other Bioactive Compounds’ Extraction from Tomato Processing Industry Waste: A Comparison of Ultrasonication Versus a Conventional Stirring Method |
| title_short | Lycopene and Other Bioactive Compounds’ Extraction from Tomato Processing Industry Waste: A Comparison of Ultrasonication Versus a Conventional Stirring Method |
| title_sort | lycopene and other bioactive compounds extraction from tomato processing industry waste a comparison of ultrasonication versus a conventional stirring method |
| topic | tomato waste green extraction technique carotenoids polyphenols partial least squares |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/1/71 |
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