The Abundance of Microplastics in the World’s Oceans: A Systematic Review

Microplastics are ubiquitous in marine environments and have been documented across all ocean compartments, especially surface waters, across the world. Even though several studies identify the presence of microplastics in the world’s five oceans, there remains an overt problem of large inconsistenc...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Judith Mutuku, Maria Yanotti, Mark Tocock, Darla Hatton MacDonald
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-06-01
Series:Oceans
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-1924/5/3/24
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850260041897082880
author Judith Mutuku
Maria Yanotti
Mark Tocock
Darla Hatton MacDonald
author_facet Judith Mutuku
Maria Yanotti
Mark Tocock
Darla Hatton MacDonald
author_sort Judith Mutuku
collection DOAJ
description Microplastics are ubiquitous in marine environments and have been documented across all ocean compartments, especially surface waters, across the world. Even though several studies identify the presence of microplastics in the world’s five oceans, there remains an overt problem of large inconsistencies in their sampling, extraction, and consequent quantification. Despite the complexity of these methodologies, researchers have tried to explore microplastic abundance in ocean surface waters. Using a systematic review approach, a dataset was derived from 73 primary studies undertaken since the year 2010 following the Oslo and Paris Conventions (OSPAR) guidelines to monitor and harmonise marine debris. The results showed differences in the abundance and distribution of microplastics in surface waters across oceans. The overall concentration of microplastics in all five oceans ranged between 0.002 and 62.50 items/m<sup>3</sup>, with a mean abundance of 2.76 items/m<sup>3</sup>. The highest mean concentration of microplastics was found in the Atlantic (4.98 items/m<sup>3</sup>), while the least was observed in the Southern Ocean (0.04 items/m<sup>3</sup>). While challenging, this paper recommends harmonisation of the sampling, separation, and identification methods across the globe to aid in the design of the appropriate mitigation strategies for reducing marine plastic pollution.
format Article
id doaj-art-73438c81a4cb4be7ae9065da2dbbcd3d
institution OA Journals
issn 2673-1924
language English
publishDate 2024-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Oceans
spelling doaj-art-73438c81a4cb4be7ae9065da2dbbcd3d2025-08-20T01:55:45ZengMDPI AGOceans2673-19242024-06-015339842810.3390/oceans5030024The Abundance of Microplastics in the World’s Oceans: A Systematic ReviewJudith Mutuku0Maria Yanotti1Mark Tocock2Darla Hatton MacDonald3Tasmanian School of Business & Economics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, AustraliaTasmanian School of Business & Economics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, AustraliaTasmanian School of Business & Economics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, AustraliaTasmanian School of Business & Economics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, AustraliaMicroplastics are ubiquitous in marine environments and have been documented across all ocean compartments, especially surface waters, across the world. Even though several studies identify the presence of microplastics in the world’s five oceans, there remains an overt problem of large inconsistencies in their sampling, extraction, and consequent quantification. Despite the complexity of these methodologies, researchers have tried to explore microplastic abundance in ocean surface waters. Using a systematic review approach, a dataset was derived from 73 primary studies undertaken since the year 2010 following the Oslo and Paris Conventions (OSPAR) guidelines to monitor and harmonise marine debris. The results showed differences in the abundance and distribution of microplastics in surface waters across oceans. The overall concentration of microplastics in all five oceans ranged between 0.002 and 62.50 items/m<sup>3</sup>, with a mean abundance of 2.76 items/m<sup>3</sup>. The highest mean concentration of microplastics was found in the Atlantic (4.98 items/m<sup>3</sup>), while the least was observed in the Southern Ocean (0.04 items/m<sup>3</sup>). While challenging, this paper recommends harmonisation of the sampling, separation, and identification methods across the globe to aid in the design of the appropriate mitigation strategies for reducing marine plastic pollution.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-1924/5/3/24microplasticsconcentrationmarine environmentmarine litterocean surface watersworld’s oceans
spellingShingle Judith Mutuku
Maria Yanotti
Mark Tocock
Darla Hatton MacDonald
The Abundance of Microplastics in the World’s Oceans: A Systematic Review
Oceans
microplastics
concentration
marine environment
marine litter
ocean surface waters
world’s oceans
title The Abundance of Microplastics in the World’s Oceans: A Systematic Review
title_full The Abundance of Microplastics in the World’s Oceans: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr The Abundance of Microplastics in the World’s Oceans: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed The Abundance of Microplastics in the World’s Oceans: A Systematic Review
title_short The Abundance of Microplastics in the World’s Oceans: A Systematic Review
title_sort abundance of microplastics in the world s oceans a systematic review
topic microplastics
concentration
marine environment
marine litter
ocean surface waters
world’s oceans
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-1924/5/3/24
work_keys_str_mv AT judithmutuku theabundanceofmicroplasticsintheworldsoceansasystematicreview
AT mariayanotti theabundanceofmicroplasticsintheworldsoceansasystematicreview
AT marktocock theabundanceofmicroplasticsintheworldsoceansasystematicreview
AT darlahattonmacdonald theabundanceofmicroplasticsintheworldsoceansasystematicreview
AT judithmutuku abundanceofmicroplasticsintheworldsoceansasystematicreview
AT mariayanotti abundanceofmicroplasticsintheworldsoceansasystematicreview
AT marktocock abundanceofmicroplasticsintheworldsoceansasystematicreview
AT darlahattonmacdonald abundanceofmicroplasticsintheworldsoceansasystematicreview