The moderated mediating effect of BMI in the relationship between smartphone dependency, self-esteem, and academic helplessness among Korean middle school students: A secondary data analysis
Background: After the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents' use of smartphones increased, and academic helplessness intensified. However, little is known about how self-esteem and body mass index function as internal mechanisms in the relationship between smartphone dependency and academic helplessne...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Acta Psychologica |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825003956 |
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