The Effects of Temperature on Development, Reproduction, Population Dynamics and Protective Enzyme Activity of <i>Neotoxoptera formosana</i> (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
<i>Neotoxoptera formosana</i> is an allium vegetable pest that has increasingly threatened Chinese leek production in North China in recent years. The effects of temperature on the biological characteristics and physiology of <i>N. formosana</i> are not well understood. In th...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Insects |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/3/263 |
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| Summary: | <i>Neotoxoptera formosana</i> is an allium vegetable pest that has increasingly threatened Chinese leek production in North China in recent years. The effects of temperature on the biological characteristics and physiology of <i>N. formosana</i> are not well understood. In this study, life tables were constructed at 12 °C, 16 °C, 20 °C, 24 °C, and 28 °C to explore the effects of temperature on the development, reproduction, and population dynamics of <i>N. formosana</i>, and to determine the threshold temperature (C) and the effective cumulative temperature (K) for each developmental stage of this aphid. The protective enzyme activity of <i>N. formosana</i> at three representative temperatures, 12 °C, 20 °C, and 28 °C, was determined to explore the physiological response of <i>N. formosana</i> to temperature. The result showed that the increasing temperature speeded up the development of <i>N. formosana</i>, but decreased the body size, and shortened the longevity and reproduction period of adults. The temperature exceeding 20 °C inhibited its reproduction. The <i>N. formosana</i> population was obviously inhibited by 28 °C with all the population parameters decreasing to be the lowest, especially the fecundity, which was 16.7 times lower than that at 20 °C. The population expanded the fastest at 20 °C, followed by 24 °C, 16 °C, and 12 °C, the slowest at 28 °C, with the population size merely increasing to 2.3 times at 60 days. The K values for the first, second, third, and fourth-instar nymphs were 1.852 °C, 5.029 °C, 4.747 °C and 5.979 °C, respectively, and the C values were 47.540 days °C, 30.817 days °C, 33.481 days °C and 32.294 days °C, respectively. The C value for nymphal aphids was 4.002 °C, and the K value was 145.252 days °C. The activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase of <i>N. formosana</i> at 28 °C was higher than at 12 °C and 20 °C, and the catalase activity of <i>N. formosana</i> was highest at 12 °C. In conclusion, the temperature had significant effects on population parameters and the physiological metabolism of <i>N. formosana</i>. |
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| ISSN: | 2075-4450 |