The impact of architectural modifications on relative resistance to fluid flow in ventricular catheters
IntroductionAlthough many ventricular catheter designs exist for hydrocephalus treatment, few standardized studies assess outflow resistance and the impact of design modifications on shunt drainage. This study represents the in-vitro assessment of various architectural modifications on catheter flow...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1519499/full |
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| author | Rajesh Kumar Madhavan Ahmad Faryami Nathan Tappen Pranav Gopalakrishnan Shaheer H. Ajaz Carolyn A. Harris |
| author_facet | Rajesh Kumar Madhavan Ahmad Faryami Nathan Tappen Pranav Gopalakrishnan Shaheer H. Ajaz Carolyn A. Harris |
| author_sort | Rajesh Kumar Madhavan |
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| description | IntroductionAlthough many ventricular catheter designs exist for hydrocephalus treatment, few standardized studies assess outflow resistance and the impact of design modifications on shunt drainage. This study represents the in-vitro assessment of various architectural modifications on catheter flow rate and pressure, focusing on bulk outflow dynamics and occlusion with whole blood-inoculated cerebrospinal fluid.MethodsCatheters were manufactured utilizing a novel catheter production setup with 16 variations from standard catheters, including but not limited to changes in: hole number, hole dimensions, catheter lumen dimension, and catheter lumen impingement. These catheters were tested in a portable custom-made ventricular catheter testing device to analyze relative resistance to flow between catheter designs. A subset of catheters with varying lumen diameters was tested in 0.30 mL/min saline flow with 2.5% blood to simulate early blood exposure.ResultsWith increasing hole and lumen diameter, we found a significant decrease in overall catheter relative resistance using DIH20 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.002 respectively, n = 5). With increasing lumen diameters, blood assays showed a significant increase in the time to complete obstruction (P = 0.027, n = 5). Lumen impingement, representing one obstruction-based pinch point in the lumen, showed a considerable increase in relative resistance as obstruction diameter increased and lumen diameter at the pinch point decreased (P = 0.001, n = 5). Removal of specific catheter hole rows trended toward an increase relative resistance after 75% of catheter holes were blocked, but the effect in relative outflow resistance is otherwise minimal (P > 0.05, n = 5) and no effect was observed with blocking segments.ConclusionThis study implemented a novel method of rapid catheter manufacturing to systematically produce ventricular catheters with specific catheter architecture. By testing variables independently, we found that catheters with changes to the lumen diameter had the most dramatic shifts in overall relative resistance between catheter designs. Similarly, testing in the acute in-vitro blood assay demonstrated that smaller diameter catheters have a higher propensity to obstruct with blood compared to catheters with larger diameter. Relative resistance impacts fluid outflow efficiency, which may translate to clinical outcomes for hydrocephalus patients. These findings help us understand catheter architectural effects on resistance and inform future designs for specific ventricle morphologies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6f2de595ac4841bcb691f42bb0264b51 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-6f2de595ac4841bcb691f42bb0264b512025-01-29T11:00:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852025-01-011210.3389/fbioe.2024.15194991519499The impact of architectural modifications on relative resistance to fluid flow in ventricular cathetersRajesh Kumar Madhavan0Ahmad Faryami1Nathan Tappen2Pranav Gopalakrishnan3Shaheer H. Ajaz4Carolyn A. Harris5Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United StatesDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United StatesSchool of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United StatesDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United StatesIntroductionAlthough many ventricular catheter designs exist for hydrocephalus treatment, few standardized studies assess outflow resistance and the impact of design modifications on shunt drainage. This study represents the in-vitro assessment of various architectural modifications on catheter flow rate and pressure, focusing on bulk outflow dynamics and occlusion with whole blood-inoculated cerebrospinal fluid.MethodsCatheters were manufactured utilizing a novel catheter production setup with 16 variations from standard catheters, including but not limited to changes in: hole number, hole dimensions, catheter lumen dimension, and catheter lumen impingement. These catheters were tested in a portable custom-made ventricular catheter testing device to analyze relative resistance to flow between catheter designs. A subset of catheters with varying lumen diameters was tested in 0.30 mL/min saline flow with 2.5% blood to simulate early blood exposure.ResultsWith increasing hole and lumen diameter, we found a significant decrease in overall catheter relative resistance using DIH20 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.002 respectively, n = 5). With increasing lumen diameters, blood assays showed a significant increase in the time to complete obstruction (P = 0.027, n = 5). Lumen impingement, representing one obstruction-based pinch point in the lumen, showed a considerable increase in relative resistance as obstruction diameter increased and lumen diameter at the pinch point decreased (P = 0.001, n = 5). Removal of specific catheter hole rows trended toward an increase relative resistance after 75% of catheter holes were blocked, but the effect in relative outflow resistance is otherwise minimal (P > 0.05, n = 5) and no effect was observed with blocking segments.ConclusionThis study implemented a novel method of rapid catheter manufacturing to systematically produce ventricular catheters with specific catheter architecture. By testing variables independently, we found that catheters with changes to the lumen diameter had the most dramatic shifts in overall relative resistance between catheter designs. Similarly, testing in the acute in-vitro blood assay demonstrated that smaller diameter catheters have a higher propensity to obstruct with blood compared to catheters with larger diameter. Relative resistance impacts fluid outflow efficiency, which may translate to clinical outcomes for hydrocephalus patients. These findings help us understand catheter architectural effects on resistance and inform future designs for specific ventricle morphologies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1519499/fullventricular catheter (VC)catheter resistancebench top modelcatheter architecture and designhydrocephalus |
| spellingShingle | Rajesh Kumar Madhavan Ahmad Faryami Nathan Tappen Pranav Gopalakrishnan Shaheer H. Ajaz Carolyn A. Harris The impact of architectural modifications on relative resistance to fluid flow in ventricular catheters Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ventricular catheter (VC) catheter resistance bench top model catheter architecture and design hydrocephalus |
| title | The impact of architectural modifications on relative resistance to fluid flow in ventricular catheters |
| title_full | The impact of architectural modifications on relative resistance to fluid flow in ventricular catheters |
| title_fullStr | The impact of architectural modifications on relative resistance to fluid flow in ventricular catheters |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of architectural modifications on relative resistance to fluid flow in ventricular catheters |
| title_short | The impact of architectural modifications on relative resistance to fluid flow in ventricular catheters |
| title_sort | impact of architectural modifications on relative resistance to fluid flow in ventricular catheters |
| topic | ventricular catheter (VC) catheter resistance bench top model catheter architecture and design hydrocephalus |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1519499/full |
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