Physiological and image-based phenotyping assessment of waterlogging responses of three kiwifruit rootstocks and grafting combinations
IntroductionKiwifruit species have a relatively high rate of root oxygen consumption, making them very vulnerable to low root zone oxygen concentrations resulting from soil waterlogging. Recently, kiwifruit rootstocks have been increasingly used to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and cro...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1499432/full |
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| author | Maria Calabritto Alba N. Mininni Roberto Di Biase Angelo Petrozza Stephan Summerer Francesco Cellini Bartolomeo Dichio |
| author_facet | Maria Calabritto Alba N. Mininni Roberto Di Biase Angelo Petrozza Stephan Summerer Francesco Cellini Bartolomeo Dichio |
| author_sort | Maria Calabritto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionKiwifruit species have a relatively high rate of root oxygen consumption, making them very vulnerable to low root zone oxygen concentrations resulting from soil waterlogging. Recently, kiwifruit rootstocks have been increasingly used to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and crop performance under adverse conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate morpho-physiological changes in kiwifruit rootstocks and grafting combinations under short-term waterlogging stress.MethodsA pot trial was conducted at the ALSIA PhenoLab, part of the Phen-Italy infrastructures, using non-destructive RGB and NIR image-based analysis and physiological measurements to identify waterlogging stress indicators and more tolerant genotypes. Three pot-grown kiwifruit rootstocks (‘Bounty 71,’ Actinidia macrosperma—B; ‘D1,’ Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa—D; and ‘Hayward,’ A. chinensis var. deliciosa—H) and grafting combinations, with a yellow-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar (‘Zesy 002,’ A. chinensis var. chinensis) grafted on each rootstock (Z/B, Z/D, Z/H), were subjected to a control irrigation treatment (WW), restoring their daily water consumption, and to a 9-day waterlogging stress (WL), based on substrate saturation. Leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic activity, leaf temperature, RGB, and NIR data were collected during waterlogging stress.ResultsStomatal conductance and transpiration reached very low values (less than 0.05 mol m−2 s−1 and 1 mmol m−2 s−1, respectively) in both waterlogged D and H rootstocks and their grafting combinations. In turn, leaf temperature was significantly increased and photosynthesis was reduced (1–6 μmol m−2 s−1) from the first days of waterlogging stress compared to B rootstock and combination.DiscussionThe B rootstock showed prolonged leaf gas exchange and photosynthetic activity, indicating that it can cope with short-term and temporary waterlogging and improve the tolerance of grafted kiwi vines, which showed a decrease in stomatal conductance 5 days after the onset of stress. Morphometric and colorimetric parameters from the image-based analysis confirmed the greater susceptibility of D and H rootstocks and their grafting combinations to waterlogging stress compared to B. The results presented confirm the role of physiological measurements and enhance that of RGB and NIR images in detecting the occurrence of water stress and identifying more tolerant genotypes in kiwifruit. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-6ecfbbf20d9d4c82a18a205192f456742025-02-05T07:32:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-02-011610.3389/fpls.2025.14994321499432Physiological and image-based phenotyping assessment of waterlogging responses of three kiwifruit rootstocks and grafting combinationsMaria Calabritto0Alba N. Mininni1Roberto Di Biase2Angelo Petrozza3Stephan Summerer4Francesco Cellini5Bartolomeo Dichio6Department of Agricultural, Forest, Food, and Environmental Sciences (DAFE), University of Basilicata, Potenza, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Forest, Food, and Environmental Sciences (DAFE), University of Basilicata, Potenza, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Forest, Food, and Environmental Sciences (DAFE), University of Basilicata, Potenza, ItalyAgenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA) Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, Metaponto, ItalyAgenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA) Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, Metaponto, ItalyAgenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA) Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, Metaponto, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Forest, Food, and Environmental Sciences (DAFE), University of Basilicata, Potenza, ItalyIntroductionKiwifruit species have a relatively high rate of root oxygen consumption, making them very vulnerable to low root zone oxygen concentrations resulting from soil waterlogging. Recently, kiwifruit rootstocks have been increasingly used to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and crop performance under adverse conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate morpho-physiological changes in kiwifruit rootstocks and grafting combinations under short-term waterlogging stress.MethodsA pot trial was conducted at the ALSIA PhenoLab, part of the Phen-Italy infrastructures, using non-destructive RGB and NIR image-based analysis and physiological measurements to identify waterlogging stress indicators and more tolerant genotypes. Three pot-grown kiwifruit rootstocks (‘Bounty 71,’ Actinidia macrosperma—B; ‘D1,’ Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa—D; and ‘Hayward,’ A. chinensis var. deliciosa—H) and grafting combinations, with a yellow-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar (‘Zesy 002,’ A. chinensis var. chinensis) grafted on each rootstock (Z/B, Z/D, Z/H), were subjected to a control irrigation treatment (WW), restoring their daily water consumption, and to a 9-day waterlogging stress (WL), based on substrate saturation. Leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic activity, leaf temperature, RGB, and NIR data were collected during waterlogging stress.ResultsStomatal conductance and transpiration reached very low values (less than 0.05 mol m−2 s−1 and 1 mmol m−2 s−1, respectively) in both waterlogged D and H rootstocks and their grafting combinations. In turn, leaf temperature was significantly increased and photosynthesis was reduced (1–6 μmol m−2 s−1) from the first days of waterlogging stress compared to B rootstock and combination.DiscussionThe B rootstock showed prolonged leaf gas exchange and photosynthetic activity, indicating that it can cope with short-term and temporary waterlogging and improve the tolerance of grafted kiwi vines, which showed a decrease in stomatal conductance 5 days after the onset of stress. Morphometric and colorimetric parameters from the image-based analysis confirmed the greater susceptibility of D and H rootstocks and their grafting combinations to waterlogging stress compared to B. The results presented confirm the role of physiological measurements and enhance that of RGB and NIR images in detecting the occurrence of water stress and identifying more tolerant genotypes in kiwifruit.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1499432/fullscion-rootstock combinationswater stresswaterlogging toleranceleaf gas exchangesphotosynthetic responsesaffordable phenotyping |
| spellingShingle | Maria Calabritto Alba N. Mininni Roberto Di Biase Angelo Petrozza Stephan Summerer Francesco Cellini Bartolomeo Dichio Physiological and image-based phenotyping assessment of waterlogging responses of three kiwifruit rootstocks and grafting combinations Frontiers in Plant Science scion-rootstock combinations water stress waterlogging tolerance leaf gas exchanges photosynthetic responses affordable phenotyping |
| title | Physiological and image-based phenotyping assessment of waterlogging responses of three kiwifruit rootstocks and grafting combinations |
| title_full | Physiological and image-based phenotyping assessment of waterlogging responses of three kiwifruit rootstocks and grafting combinations |
| title_fullStr | Physiological and image-based phenotyping assessment of waterlogging responses of three kiwifruit rootstocks and grafting combinations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological and image-based phenotyping assessment of waterlogging responses of three kiwifruit rootstocks and grafting combinations |
| title_short | Physiological and image-based phenotyping assessment of waterlogging responses of three kiwifruit rootstocks and grafting combinations |
| title_sort | physiological and image based phenotyping assessment of waterlogging responses of three kiwifruit rootstocks and grafting combinations |
| topic | scion-rootstock combinations water stress waterlogging tolerance leaf gas exchanges photosynthetic responses affordable phenotyping |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1499432/full |
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