Enhancement of Fertilizer Efficiency Through Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw Incorporation
The incorporation of rice straw (RS) and Chinese milk vetch (CMV) with reduced chemical fertilizers (CFs) is a viable solution to reduce the dependency on CF. However, limited research has been conducted to investigate the impact of CMV and RS with reduced CF on rice production. A field trial was co...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| author | Tahir Shah Adnan Anwar Khan Yahya Mohammed Ali Aljerib Muhammad Tariq Donghui Li Mingjian Geng Yajun Gao Qiang Zhu |
| author_facet | Tahir Shah Adnan Anwar Khan Yahya Mohammed Ali Aljerib Muhammad Tariq Donghui Li Mingjian Geng Yajun Gao Qiang Zhu |
| author_sort | Tahir Shah |
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| description | The incorporation of rice straw (RS) and Chinese milk vetch (CMV) with reduced chemical fertilizers (CFs) is a viable solution to reduce the dependency on CF. However, limited research has been conducted to investigate the impact of CMV and RS with reduced CF on rice production. A field trial was conducted from 2018 to 2021 with six treatments: CK (no fertilizer), F100 (100% NPK fertilizer (CF)), MSF100 (100% CF+CMV and RS incorporation), MSF80 (80% CF+CMV+RS), MSF60 (60% CF+CMV+RS), and MSF40 (40% CF+CMV+RS). The results revealed that compared with the F100, the MSF80 treatment maintained a significantly higher mean grain yield over the four years, with an increase of 5.8~24.5%. MSF80 treatment also improved nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) use efficiencies, sustainable yield index, and partial factor productivity. Soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium N (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N), nitrate N (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) contents were significantly enhanced under MSF80 across different growth stages in both 2020 and 2021 seasons over F100. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation among SOM, TN, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, AP, AK, and rice yield. Additionally, Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) demonstrated significant relationships between organic amendments, soil nutrients, nutrient uptake, and yield. The above findings suggest that combining RS returning with CMV incorporation is a long-term sustainable strategy for maintaining soil health, and it could reduce fertilizer addition by 20% without prejudicing rice grain yield under a rice-green manure rotation system. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6e33994c31b8420aa0961eec1d0ca75b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-6e33994c31b8420aa0961eec1d0ca75b2025-01-24T13:46:55ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-0114224610.3390/plants14020246Enhancement of Fertilizer Efficiency Through Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw IncorporationTahir Shah0Adnan Anwar Khan1Yahya Mohammed Ali Aljerib2Muhammad Tariq3Donghui Li4Mingjian Geng5Yajun Gao6Qiang Zhu7College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaThe incorporation of rice straw (RS) and Chinese milk vetch (CMV) with reduced chemical fertilizers (CFs) is a viable solution to reduce the dependency on CF. However, limited research has been conducted to investigate the impact of CMV and RS with reduced CF on rice production. A field trial was conducted from 2018 to 2021 with six treatments: CK (no fertilizer), F100 (100% NPK fertilizer (CF)), MSF100 (100% CF+CMV and RS incorporation), MSF80 (80% CF+CMV+RS), MSF60 (60% CF+CMV+RS), and MSF40 (40% CF+CMV+RS). The results revealed that compared with the F100, the MSF80 treatment maintained a significantly higher mean grain yield over the four years, with an increase of 5.8~24.5%. MSF80 treatment also improved nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) use efficiencies, sustainable yield index, and partial factor productivity. Soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium N (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N), nitrate N (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) contents were significantly enhanced under MSF80 across different growth stages in both 2020 and 2021 seasons over F100. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation among SOM, TN, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, AP, AK, and rice yield. Additionally, Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) demonstrated significant relationships between organic amendments, soil nutrients, nutrient uptake, and yield. The above findings suggest that combining RS returning with CMV incorporation is a long-term sustainable strategy for maintaining soil health, and it could reduce fertilizer addition by 20% without prejudicing rice grain yield under a rice-green manure rotation system.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/246Chinese milk vetchrice strawchemical fertilizerfertilizer use efficiencysustainability index |
| spellingShingle | Tahir Shah Adnan Anwar Khan Yahya Mohammed Ali Aljerib Muhammad Tariq Donghui Li Mingjian Geng Yajun Gao Qiang Zhu Enhancement of Fertilizer Efficiency Through Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw Incorporation Plants Chinese milk vetch rice straw chemical fertilizer fertilizer use efficiency sustainability index |
| title | Enhancement of Fertilizer Efficiency Through Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw Incorporation |
| title_full | Enhancement of Fertilizer Efficiency Through Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw Incorporation |
| title_fullStr | Enhancement of Fertilizer Efficiency Through Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw Incorporation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancement of Fertilizer Efficiency Through Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw Incorporation |
| title_short | Enhancement of Fertilizer Efficiency Through Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw Incorporation |
| title_sort | enhancement of fertilizer efficiency through chinese milk vetch and rice straw incorporation |
| topic | Chinese milk vetch rice straw chemical fertilizer fertilizer use efficiency sustainability index |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/246 |
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