Emerging applications of NLP and large language models in gastroenterology and hepatology: a systematic review
Background and aimIn the last years, natural language processing (NLP) has transformed significantly with the introduction of large language models (LLM). This review updates on NLP and LLM applications and challenges in gastroenterology and hepatology.MethodsRegistered with PROSPERO (CRD42024542275...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1512824/full |
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| author | Mahmud Omar Mahmud Omar Salih Nassar Kassem SharIf Benjamin S. Glicksberg Girish N. Nadkarni Eyal Klang |
| author_facet | Mahmud Omar Mahmud Omar Salih Nassar Kassem SharIf Benjamin S. Glicksberg Girish N. Nadkarni Eyal Klang |
| author_sort | Mahmud Omar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and aimIn the last years, natural language processing (NLP) has transformed significantly with the introduction of large language models (LLM). This review updates on NLP and LLM applications and challenges in gastroenterology and hepatology.MethodsRegistered with PROSPERO (CRD42024542275) and adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we searched six databases for relevant studies published from 2003 to 2024, ultimately including 57 studies.ResultsOur review of 57 studies notes an increase in relevant publications in 2023–2024 compared to previous years, reflecting growing interest in newer models such as GPT-3 and GPT-4. The results demonstrate that NLP models have enhanced data extraction from electronic health records and other unstructured medical data sources. Key findings include high precision in identifying disease characteristics from unstructured reports and ongoing improvement in clinical decision-making. Risk of bias assessments using ROBINS-I, QUADAS-2, and PROBAST tools confirmed the methodological robustness of the included studies.ConclusionNLP and LLMs can enhance diagnosis and treatment in gastroenterology and hepatology. They enable extraction of data from unstructured medical records, such as endoscopy reports and patient notes, and for enhancing clinical decision-making. Despite these advancements, integrating these tools into routine practice is still challenging. Future work should prospectively demonstrate real-world value. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6d079c0e3a744ddbb9465c5a4981100d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-6d079c0e3a744ddbb9465c5a4981100d2025-01-23T09:28:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-01-011110.3389/fmed.2024.15128241512824Emerging applications of NLP and large language models in gastroenterology and hepatology: a systematic reviewMahmud Omar0Mahmud Omar1Salih Nassar2Kassem SharIf3Benjamin S. Glicksberg4Girish N. Nadkarni5Eyal Klang6Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, IsraelDivision of Data-Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United StatesEdith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, IsraelDepartment of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, IsraelDivision of Data-Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United StatesDivision of Data-Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United StatesDivision of Data-Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United StatesBackground and aimIn the last years, natural language processing (NLP) has transformed significantly with the introduction of large language models (LLM). This review updates on NLP and LLM applications and challenges in gastroenterology and hepatology.MethodsRegistered with PROSPERO (CRD42024542275) and adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we searched six databases for relevant studies published from 2003 to 2024, ultimately including 57 studies.ResultsOur review of 57 studies notes an increase in relevant publications in 2023–2024 compared to previous years, reflecting growing interest in newer models such as GPT-3 and GPT-4. The results demonstrate that NLP models have enhanced data extraction from electronic health records and other unstructured medical data sources. Key findings include high precision in identifying disease characteristics from unstructured reports and ongoing improvement in clinical decision-making. Risk of bias assessments using ROBINS-I, QUADAS-2, and PROBAST tools confirmed the methodological robustness of the included studies.ConclusionNLP and LLMs can enhance diagnosis and treatment in gastroenterology and hepatology. They enable extraction of data from unstructured medical records, such as endoscopy reports and patient notes, and for enhancing clinical decision-making. Despite these advancements, integrating these tools into routine practice is still challenging. Future work should prospectively demonstrate real-world value.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1512824/fullnatural language processinglarge language modelsgastroenterologyhepatologyelectronic health records |
| spellingShingle | Mahmud Omar Mahmud Omar Salih Nassar Kassem SharIf Benjamin S. Glicksberg Girish N. Nadkarni Eyal Klang Emerging applications of NLP and large language models in gastroenterology and hepatology: a systematic review Frontiers in Medicine natural language processing large language models gastroenterology hepatology electronic health records |
| title | Emerging applications of NLP and large language models in gastroenterology and hepatology: a systematic review |
| title_full | Emerging applications of NLP and large language models in gastroenterology and hepatology: a systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Emerging applications of NLP and large language models in gastroenterology and hepatology: a systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging applications of NLP and large language models in gastroenterology and hepatology: a systematic review |
| title_short | Emerging applications of NLP and large language models in gastroenterology and hepatology: a systematic review |
| title_sort | emerging applications of nlp and large language models in gastroenterology and hepatology a systematic review |
| topic | natural language processing large language models gastroenterology hepatology electronic health records |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1512824/full |
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