Exploring the Link between Generalised Ligament Laxity and Flexible Flatfoot in Paediatric and Adolescent Populations: A Case-control Study
Introduction: Flatfoot, or pes planus, is a postural deformity resulting from the inadequate development of the Medial Longitudinal Arch (MLA) of the foot. Generalised ligament laxity is the most important aetiological factor among various predisposing factors. Previous research has explored these c...
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2025-01-01
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| author | Ashish Yadav Shalu Arimbooth Avinash Muraleedharan Shweta Chaubey |
| author_facet | Ashish Yadav Shalu Arimbooth Avinash Muraleedharan Shweta Chaubey |
| author_sort | Ashish Yadav |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Flatfoot, or pes planus, is a postural deformity resulting from the inadequate development of the Medial Longitudinal Arch (MLA) of the foot. Generalised ligament laxity is the most important aetiological factor among various predisposing factors. Previous research has explored these conditions independently rather than investigating their potential association. This study focuses on understanding how generalised ligament laxity contributes to flexible flatfoot, which could provide valuable insights that have not been thoroughly explored in paediatric and adolescent populations.
Aim: To determine the association between flexible flatfoot and generalised ligament laxity in paediatric and adolescent populations.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 180 patients attending the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) Outpatient Department (OPD), aged 5 to 19 years, from September 2019 to March 2021. Footprints were taken from the subjects and a flatfoot assessment was performed using Staheli’s plantar arch index. The Jack test was conducted in all flatfoot subjects to exclude rigid flatfoot. All patients with flexible flatfoot were enrolled as cases, while those without flatfoot were enrolled in the control group. Both groups were further evaluated using the Beighton Score for the presence of generalised ligament laxity and results were recorded. Demographic factors were expressed as frequencies, and quantitative data were presented as median with 25th and 75th percentiles (IQR=interquartile range). Differences in qualitative variables between the groups were analysed using the Chi-square test.
Results: Out of the 180 subjects, 126 (70%) were male, and the majority, 108 (60%), were aged 11 to 19 years, with a mean ± SD age of 11.46±3.1 years. The proportion of ligament laxity was higher in cases 30 (41.67%) than in controls 20 (18.52%), and this association was statistically significant (p-value=0.016). Patients with flatfoot had a 3.14 times higher chance of having ligament laxity than those lacking flatfoot, which was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Children and adolescents with increased generalised ligament laxity are more predisposed to the development of flexible flatfoot compared to those without ligament laxity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6b32a88a604e40f1ac8258bae7e34b74 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
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| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-6b32a88a604e40f1ac8258bae7e34b742025-01-23T11:57:50ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2025-01-011901131610.7860/JCDR/2025/73829.20520Exploring the Link between Generalised Ligament Laxity and Flexible Flatfoot in Paediatric and Adolescent Populations: A Case-control StudyAshish Yadav0Shalu Arimbooth1Avinash Muraleedharan2Shweta Chaubey3Senior Resident, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.Senior Resident, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.Senior Resident, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India.Consultant, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baptist Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaIntroduction: Flatfoot, or pes planus, is a postural deformity resulting from the inadequate development of the Medial Longitudinal Arch (MLA) of the foot. Generalised ligament laxity is the most important aetiological factor among various predisposing factors. Previous research has explored these conditions independently rather than investigating their potential association. This study focuses on understanding how generalised ligament laxity contributes to flexible flatfoot, which could provide valuable insights that have not been thoroughly explored in paediatric and adolescent populations. Aim: To determine the association between flexible flatfoot and generalised ligament laxity in paediatric and adolescent populations. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 180 patients attending the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) Outpatient Department (OPD), aged 5 to 19 years, from September 2019 to March 2021. Footprints were taken from the subjects and a flatfoot assessment was performed using Staheli’s plantar arch index. The Jack test was conducted in all flatfoot subjects to exclude rigid flatfoot. All patients with flexible flatfoot were enrolled as cases, while those without flatfoot were enrolled in the control group. Both groups were further evaluated using the Beighton Score for the presence of generalised ligament laxity and results were recorded. Demographic factors were expressed as frequencies, and quantitative data were presented as median with 25th and 75th percentiles (IQR=interquartile range). Differences in qualitative variables between the groups were analysed using the Chi-square test. Results: Out of the 180 subjects, 126 (70%) were male, and the majority, 108 (60%), were aged 11 to 19 years, with a mean ± SD age of 11.46±3.1 years. The proportion of ligament laxity was higher in cases 30 (41.67%) than in controls 20 (18.52%), and this association was statistically significant (p-value=0.016). Patients with flatfoot had a 3.14 times higher chance of having ligament laxity than those lacking flatfoot, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with increased generalised ligament laxity are more predisposed to the development of flexible flatfoot compared to those without ligament laxity.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20520/73829_CE(Ra1)_F(Sh)_QC(PS_SS)_PF1(AG_SS)_PFA(OM)_PB(AG_IS)_PN(IS).pdffootprinthypermobilityjoint flexibilitymedial longitudinal archpes planusplantar arch |
| spellingShingle | Ashish Yadav Shalu Arimbooth Avinash Muraleedharan Shweta Chaubey Exploring the Link between Generalised Ligament Laxity and Flexible Flatfoot in Paediatric and Adolescent Populations: A Case-control Study Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research footprint hypermobility joint flexibility medial longitudinal arch pes planus plantar arch |
| title | Exploring the Link between Generalised Ligament Laxity and Flexible Flatfoot in Paediatric and Adolescent Populations: A Case-control Study |
| title_full | Exploring the Link between Generalised Ligament Laxity and Flexible Flatfoot in Paediatric and Adolescent Populations: A Case-control Study |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the Link between Generalised Ligament Laxity and Flexible Flatfoot in Paediatric and Adolescent Populations: A Case-control Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the Link between Generalised Ligament Laxity and Flexible Flatfoot in Paediatric and Adolescent Populations: A Case-control Study |
| title_short | Exploring the Link between Generalised Ligament Laxity and Flexible Flatfoot in Paediatric and Adolescent Populations: A Case-control Study |
| title_sort | exploring the link between generalised ligament laxity and flexible flatfoot in paediatric and adolescent populations a case control study |
| topic | footprint hypermobility joint flexibility medial longitudinal arch pes planus plantar arch |
| url | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20520/73829_CE(Ra1)_F(Sh)_QC(PS_SS)_PF1(AG_SS)_PFA(OM)_PB(AG_IS)_PN(IS).pdf |
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