A Rare Case of Xanthogranulomatous Osteomyelitis of Radius Presenting as Pathological Fracture – A Case Report

Introduction: Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a specific form of chronic inflammatory disease histologically characterized by collection of foamy macrophages along with polymorphonuclear leukocytes, activated plasma cells, and lymphocytes of polyclonal origin, in a mosaic-like pattern. The invol...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Syam Gangadharan Nair, Jittu Alex, Riyas Nazar, John Thayyil John
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Indian Orthopaedic Research Group 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports
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Online Access:https://jocr.co.in/wp/2025/04/01/a-rare-case-of-xanthogranulomatous-osteomyelitis-of-radius-presenting-as-pathological-fracture-a-case-report/
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Summary:Introduction: Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a specific form of chronic inflammatory disease histologically characterized by collection of foamy macrophages along with polymorphonuclear leukocytes, activated plasma cells, and lymphocytes of polyclonal origin, in a mosaic-like pattern. The involvement of xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the bone is termed as xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis (XO). It often presents as a mass-like lesion extending into adjacent structures and so radiological features have little role in pointing to a diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis can only be made by histopathological examination. Case Report: This report describes a case of 62-year-old male patient who sustained a pathological fracture of shaft of radius which on evaluation, was diagnosed as XO, its management and 2- year follow-up results. This case report highlights a rare cause of pathological fracture, that is, XO. Conclusion: Clinical examination and radiology have little role in the diagnosis of the condition. Definitive diagnosis is achieved by histopathological examination and the disease has a good prognosis.
ISSN:2250-0685
2321-3817