Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Massive Protocluster with Two Substructures at z ≃ 3.1
We present the results of a Keck and Northern Extended Millimeter Array spectroscopic survey of 507 galaxies, where we confirm the presence of two massive overdensities at z = 3.090−3.110 and z = 3.133−3.155 in the neighborhood of the GOODS-N, each with over a dozen spectroscopically confirmed membe...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9c67 |
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| author | Michael J. Nicandro Rosenthal Amy J. Barger Lennox L. Cowie Logan H. Jones Stephen J. McKay Anthony J. Taylor |
| author_facet | Michael J. Nicandro Rosenthal Amy J. Barger Lennox L. Cowie Logan H. Jones Stephen J. McKay Anthony J. Taylor |
| author_sort | Michael J. Nicandro Rosenthal |
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| description | We present the results of a Keck and Northern Extended Millimeter Array spectroscopic survey of 507 galaxies, where we confirm the presence of two massive overdensities at z = 3.090−3.110 and z = 3.133−3.155 in the neighborhood of the GOODS-N, each with over a dozen spectroscopically confirmed members. We find that both of these have galaxy overdensities of near-infrared-detected galaxies of δ _gal,obs = 6−9 within corrected volumes of (6−7) × 10 ^3 cMpc ^3 . We estimate the properties of the z = 0 descendants of these overdensities using a spherical collapse model and find that both should virialize by z ≃ 0.5−0.8, with total masses of M _tot ≃ (6−7) × 10 ^14 M _⊙ . The same spherical collapse calculations, as well as a clustering-of-clusters statistical analysis, suggest a >80% likelihood that the two overdensities will collapse into a single cluster with M _tot = (1.0−1.5) × 10 ^15 M _⊙ by z ~ 0.1−0.4. The z = 3.14 substructure contains a core of four bright dusty star-forming galaxies with ΣSFR = 2700 ± 700 M _⊙ yr ^−1 in a volume of only 280 cMpc ^3 . |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-69ea4126b9bc4b81b0147cbe4c8595c52025-01-29T09:53:21ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01979224710.3847/1538-4357/ad9c67Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Massive Protocluster with Two Substructures at z ≃ 3.1Michael J. Nicandro Rosenthal0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3910-6446Amy J. Barger1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3306-1606Lennox L. Cowie2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6319-1575Logan H. Jones3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-7370Stephen J. McKay4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4248-6128Anthony J. Taylor5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1282-7454Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin–Madison , 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA ; rosenthal@astro.wisc.eduDepartment of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin–Madison , 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA ; rosenthal@astro.wisc.edu; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2505 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin–Madison , 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA ; rosenthal@astro.wisc.edu; Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison , 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin–Madison , 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA ; rosenthal@astro.wisc.edu; Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USAWe present the results of a Keck and Northern Extended Millimeter Array spectroscopic survey of 507 galaxies, where we confirm the presence of two massive overdensities at z = 3.090−3.110 and z = 3.133−3.155 in the neighborhood of the GOODS-N, each with over a dozen spectroscopically confirmed members. We find that both of these have galaxy overdensities of near-infrared-detected galaxies of δ _gal,obs = 6−9 within corrected volumes of (6−7) × 10 ^3 cMpc ^3 . We estimate the properties of the z = 0 descendants of these overdensities using a spherical collapse model and find that both should virialize by z ≃ 0.5−0.8, with total masses of M _tot ≃ (6−7) × 10 ^14 M _⊙ . The same spherical collapse calculations, as well as a clustering-of-clusters statistical analysis, suggest a >80% likelihood that the two overdensities will collapse into a single cluster with M _tot = (1.0−1.5) × 10 ^15 M _⊙ by z ~ 0.1−0.4. The z = 3.14 substructure contains a core of four bright dusty star-forming galaxies with ΣSFR = 2700 ± 700 M _⊙ yr ^−1 in a volume of only 280 cMpc ^3 .https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9c67High-redshift galaxy clustersGalaxy evolutionRedshift surveys |
| spellingShingle | Michael J. Nicandro Rosenthal Amy J. Barger Lennox L. Cowie Logan H. Jones Stephen J. McKay Anthony J. Taylor Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Massive Protocluster with Two Substructures at z ≃ 3.1 The Astrophysical Journal High-redshift galaxy clusters Galaxy evolution Redshift surveys |
| title | Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Massive Protocluster with Two Substructures at z ≃ 3.1 |
| title_full | Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Massive Protocluster with Two Substructures at z ≃ 3.1 |
| title_fullStr | Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Massive Protocluster with Two Substructures at z ≃ 3.1 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Massive Protocluster with Two Substructures at z ≃ 3.1 |
| title_short | Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Massive Protocluster with Two Substructures at z ≃ 3.1 |
| title_sort | spectroscopic confirmation of a massive protocluster with two substructures at z ≃ 3 1 |
| topic | High-redshift galaxy clusters Galaxy evolution Redshift surveys |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9c67 |
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