Antioxidant, Anti-α-Glucosidase, Anti-Tyrosinase, and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Components from Stem of <i>Rhamnus formosana</i> with Molecular Docking Study
<i>Rhamnus formosana</i> is a creeping evergreen shrub endemic to Taiwan. In traditional medicine, Rhamnaceae plants are used as herbal remedies for conditions such as itching, difficulty urinating, and constipation. This study explores the inhibitory effects of various solvent extracts...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/8 |
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| author | Chia-Hsuan Tsai Ya-Lun Liou Sin-Min Li Hsiang-Ruei Liao Jih-Jung Chen |
| author_facet | Chia-Hsuan Tsai Ya-Lun Liou Sin-Min Li Hsiang-Ruei Liao Jih-Jung Chen |
| author_sort | Chia-Hsuan Tsai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Rhamnus formosana</i> is a creeping evergreen shrub endemic to Taiwan. In traditional medicine, Rhamnaceae plants are used as herbal remedies for conditions such as itching, difficulty urinating, and constipation. This study explores the inhibitory effects of various solvent extracts and bioactive components of <i>R. formosana</i> on α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and antioxidant activity. The 100 °C water extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS, superoxide, and FRAP assays. The methanol extract demonstrated the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, while the ethanol extract displayed potent AChE inhibition and the acetone extract showed the most potential tyrosinase inhibitory activity among the extracts. Five main biocomponents were isolated and evaluated for their bioactivities. Among them, kaempferol (<b>1</b>) and quercetin (<b>2</b>) exhibited notable antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays. Particularly, kaempferol (<b>1</b>) performed the best <i>α</i>-glucosidase inhibitory effect, physcion (<b>5</b>) showed the strongest AChE inhibition, and quercetin (<b>2</b>) demonstrated the most potential for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Further molecular docking studies revealed that there may be stronger binding mechanisms between bioactive components and target enzymes (including α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase) than the positive control. These findings suggest that bioactive extracts and compounds from the stems of <i>R. formosana</i> may have potential as natural antioxidant, anti-α-glucosidase, anti-AChE, and anti-tyrosinase drug candidates or dietary supplements for the management of oxidative stress-related conditions, including hyperglycemia, pigmentation disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-67262ce8f6704f7fa2f1c82ddc52be5e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-67262ce8f6704f7fa2f1c82ddc52be5e2025-01-24T13:19:05ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-12-01141810.3390/antiox14010008Antioxidant, Anti-α-Glucosidase, Anti-Tyrosinase, and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Components from Stem of <i>Rhamnus formosana</i> with Molecular Docking StudyChia-Hsuan Tsai0Ya-Lun Liou1Sin-Min Li2Hsiang-Ruei Liao3Jih-Jung Chen4Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204201, TaiwanDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan, ChinaGraduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan, China<i>Rhamnus formosana</i> is a creeping evergreen shrub endemic to Taiwan. In traditional medicine, Rhamnaceae plants are used as herbal remedies for conditions such as itching, difficulty urinating, and constipation. This study explores the inhibitory effects of various solvent extracts and bioactive components of <i>R. formosana</i> on α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and antioxidant activity. The 100 °C water extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS, superoxide, and FRAP assays. The methanol extract demonstrated the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, while the ethanol extract displayed potent AChE inhibition and the acetone extract showed the most potential tyrosinase inhibitory activity among the extracts. Five main biocomponents were isolated and evaluated for their bioactivities. Among them, kaempferol (<b>1</b>) and quercetin (<b>2</b>) exhibited notable antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays. Particularly, kaempferol (<b>1</b>) performed the best <i>α</i>-glucosidase inhibitory effect, physcion (<b>5</b>) showed the strongest AChE inhibition, and quercetin (<b>2</b>) demonstrated the most potential for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Further molecular docking studies revealed that there may be stronger binding mechanisms between bioactive components and target enzymes (including α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase) than the positive control. These findings suggest that bioactive extracts and compounds from the stems of <i>R. formosana</i> may have potential as natural antioxidant, anti-α-glucosidase, anti-AChE, and anti-tyrosinase drug candidates or dietary supplements for the management of oxidative stress-related conditions, including hyperglycemia, pigmentation disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/8<i>Rhamnus formosana</i>antioxidantanti-α-glucosidaseanti-acetylcholinesteraseanti-tyrosinasemolecular docking |
| spellingShingle | Chia-Hsuan Tsai Ya-Lun Liou Sin-Min Li Hsiang-Ruei Liao Jih-Jung Chen Antioxidant, Anti-α-Glucosidase, Anti-Tyrosinase, and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Components from Stem of <i>Rhamnus formosana</i> with Molecular Docking Study Antioxidants <i>Rhamnus formosana</i> antioxidant anti-α-glucosidase anti-acetylcholinesterase anti-tyrosinase molecular docking |
| title | Antioxidant, Anti-α-Glucosidase, Anti-Tyrosinase, and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Components from Stem of <i>Rhamnus formosana</i> with Molecular Docking Study |
| title_full | Antioxidant, Anti-α-Glucosidase, Anti-Tyrosinase, and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Components from Stem of <i>Rhamnus formosana</i> with Molecular Docking Study |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant, Anti-α-Glucosidase, Anti-Tyrosinase, and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Components from Stem of <i>Rhamnus formosana</i> with Molecular Docking Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant, Anti-α-Glucosidase, Anti-Tyrosinase, and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Components from Stem of <i>Rhamnus formosana</i> with Molecular Docking Study |
| title_short | Antioxidant, Anti-α-Glucosidase, Anti-Tyrosinase, and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Components from Stem of <i>Rhamnus formosana</i> with Molecular Docking Study |
| title_sort | antioxidant anti α glucosidase anti tyrosinase and anti acetylcholinesterase components from stem of i rhamnus formosana i with molecular docking study |
| topic | <i>Rhamnus formosana</i> antioxidant anti-α-glucosidase anti-acetylcholinesterase anti-tyrosinase molecular docking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/8 |
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