Effects of Physical Exercise Breaks on Executive Function in a Simulated Classroom Setting: Uncovering a Window into the Brain
Abstract Acknowledging the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting, this study examined the effects of an acute exercise break during prolonged sitting on executive function, cortical hemodynamics, and microvascular status. In this randomized crossover study, 71 college students completed three con...
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Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Advanced Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202406631 |
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| author | Qian Yu Zhihao Zhang Sebastian Ludyga Kirk I. Erickson Boris Cheval Meijun Hou Dominika M. Pindus Charles H. Hillman Arthur F. Kramer Ryan S. Falck Teresa Liu‐Ambrose Jin Kuang Sean P. Mullen Keita Kamijo Toru Ishihara David A. Raichlen Matthew Heath David Moreau André O. Werneck Fabian Herold Liye Zou |
| author_facet | Qian Yu Zhihao Zhang Sebastian Ludyga Kirk I. Erickson Boris Cheval Meijun Hou Dominika M. Pindus Charles H. Hillman Arthur F. Kramer Ryan S. Falck Teresa Liu‐Ambrose Jin Kuang Sean P. Mullen Keita Kamijo Toru Ishihara David A. Raichlen Matthew Heath David Moreau André O. Werneck Fabian Herold Liye Zou |
| author_sort | Qian Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Acknowledging the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting, this study examined the effects of an acute exercise break during prolonged sitting on executive function, cortical hemodynamics, and microvascular status. In this randomized crossover study, 71 college students completed three conditions: (i) uninterrupted sitting (SIT); (ii) SIT with a 15 min moderate‐intensity cycling break (MIC); and (iii) SIT with a 15 min vigorous‐intensity cycling break (VIC). Behavioral outcomes, retinal vessel diameters (central retinal artery equivalents [CRAE], retinal vein equivalents [CRVE], arteriovenous ratio [AVR]), cortical activation, and effective connectivity were evaluated. Linear mixed models identified significant positive effects of exercise conditions on behavioral reaction time (RT), error rate, and inverse efficiency score (β = −2.62, −0.19, −3.04: ps < 0.05). MIC and VIC conditions produced pre‐to‐post‐intervention increases in CRAE and CRVE (β = 4.46, 6.34), frontal activation, and resting‐state and task‐state causal density (β = 0.37, 0.06) (ps < 0.05) compared to SIT; VIC was more beneficial for executive function and neurobiological parameters. The effect of AVR on average RT was mediated through task‐based causal density (indirect effect: −0.82). Acutely interrupting prolonged sitting improves executive function, microvascular status, and cortical activation and connectivity, with causal density mediating the microvascular‐executive function link. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-65fedc70d19d4a1e9fba32c8434556e2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2198-3844 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-65fedc70d19d4a1e9fba32c8434556e22025-01-20T13:04:18ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442025-01-01123n/an/a10.1002/advs.202406631Effects of Physical Exercise Breaks on Executive Function in a Simulated Classroom Setting: Uncovering a Window into the BrainQian Yu0Zhihao Zhang1Sebastian Ludyga2Kirk I. Erickson3Boris Cheval4Meijun Hou5Dominika M. Pindus6Charles H. Hillman7Arthur F. Kramer8Ryan S. Falck9Teresa Liu‐Ambrose10Jin Kuang11Sean P. Mullen12Keita Kamijo13Toru Ishihara14David A. Raichlen15Matthew Heath16David Moreau17André O. Werneck18Fabian Herold19Liye Zou20Body‐Brain‐Mind Laboratory School of Psychology Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 ChinaBody‐Brain‐Mind Laboratory School of Psychology Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 ChinaDepartment of Sport, Exercise, and Health University of Basel Basel 4052 SwitzerlandAdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience Orlando FL 32101 USADepartment of Sport Sciences and Physical Education Ecole Normale Supérieure Rennes Bruz 35170 FranceBody‐Brain‐Mind Laboratory School of Psychology Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 ChinaDepartment of Health and Kinesiology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USACenter for Cognitive and Brain Health Northeastern University Boston MA USABeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USADepartment of Physical Therapy Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 CanadaDepartment of Physical Therapy Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 CanadaBody‐Brain‐Mind Laboratory School of Psychology Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 ChinaDepartment of Health and Kinesiology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USAFaculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences Chukyo University Nagoya 466‐8666 JapanGraduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe University Kobe 657‐8501 JapanHuman and Evolutionary Biology Section Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USASchool of Kinesiology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St London ON N6A 3K7 CanadaSchool of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research University of Auckland Auckland 1030 New ZealandCenter for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health Department of Nutrition School of Public Health Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo 05508‐070 BrazilResearch Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg University of Potsdam 14476 Potsdam GermanyBody‐Brain‐Mind Laboratory School of Psychology Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 ChinaAbstract Acknowledging the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting, this study examined the effects of an acute exercise break during prolonged sitting on executive function, cortical hemodynamics, and microvascular status. In this randomized crossover study, 71 college students completed three conditions: (i) uninterrupted sitting (SIT); (ii) SIT with a 15 min moderate‐intensity cycling break (MIC); and (iii) SIT with a 15 min vigorous‐intensity cycling break (VIC). Behavioral outcomes, retinal vessel diameters (central retinal artery equivalents [CRAE], retinal vein equivalents [CRVE], arteriovenous ratio [AVR]), cortical activation, and effective connectivity were evaluated. Linear mixed models identified significant positive effects of exercise conditions on behavioral reaction time (RT), error rate, and inverse efficiency score (β = −2.62, −0.19, −3.04: ps < 0.05). MIC and VIC conditions produced pre‐to‐post‐intervention increases in CRAE and CRVE (β = 4.46, 6.34), frontal activation, and resting‐state and task‐state causal density (β = 0.37, 0.06) (ps < 0.05) compared to SIT; VIC was more beneficial for executive function and neurobiological parameters. The effect of AVR on average RT was mediated through task‐based causal density (indirect effect: −0.82). Acutely interrupting prolonged sitting improves executive function, microvascular status, and cortical activation and connectivity, with causal density mediating the microvascular‐executive function link.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202406631brain Healthcerebrovascular healtheffective connectivitymicrovascular healthsedentary behavioryoung adults |
| spellingShingle | Qian Yu Zhihao Zhang Sebastian Ludyga Kirk I. Erickson Boris Cheval Meijun Hou Dominika M. Pindus Charles H. Hillman Arthur F. Kramer Ryan S. Falck Teresa Liu‐Ambrose Jin Kuang Sean P. Mullen Keita Kamijo Toru Ishihara David A. Raichlen Matthew Heath David Moreau André O. Werneck Fabian Herold Liye Zou Effects of Physical Exercise Breaks on Executive Function in a Simulated Classroom Setting: Uncovering a Window into the Brain Advanced Science brain Health cerebrovascular health effective connectivity microvascular health sedentary behavior young adults |
| title | Effects of Physical Exercise Breaks on Executive Function in a Simulated Classroom Setting: Uncovering a Window into the Brain |
| title_full | Effects of Physical Exercise Breaks on Executive Function in a Simulated Classroom Setting: Uncovering a Window into the Brain |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Physical Exercise Breaks on Executive Function in a Simulated Classroom Setting: Uncovering a Window into the Brain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Physical Exercise Breaks on Executive Function in a Simulated Classroom Setting: Uncovering a Window into the Brain |
| title_short | Effects of Physical Exercise Breaks on Executive Function in a Simulated Classroom Setting: Uncovering a Window into the Brain |
| title_sort | effects of physical exercise breaks on executive function in a simulated classroom setting uncovering a window into the brain |
| topic | brain Health cerebrovascular health effective connectivity microvascular health sedentary behavior young adults |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202406631 |
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