Lagrangian for Real Systems Instead of Entropy for Ideal Isolated Systems

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy S increases in a spontaneous process in an ideal isothermal and isolated system. Real systems are influenced by external forces and fields, including the temperature field. In this case, only entropy is not enough, and we suggest using a new funct...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Nikolai M. Kocherginsky
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:ChemEngineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/9/3/44
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