Enhancement of Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunity in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Through Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Expressing L-Gulonolactone Oxidase

Enhancement of Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunity in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Through Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Expressing L-Gulonolactone Oxidase

Due to its lack of the L-gulonolactone oxidase (<i>GULO</i>) enzyme, Nile tilapia is unable to synthesize vitamin C; thus, it requires an adequate level of exogenous vitamin C in its diet. To enhance antioxidant properties and vitamin C-related effects, we employed recombinant technology...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jirawadee Kaewda, Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn, Papungkorn Sangsawad, Pimpisut Manassila, Chatsirin Nakharuthai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Antioxidants
Subjects:
L-gulonolactone oxidase
antioxidant
<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
antagonistic activity
Nile tilapia
<i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i>
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/50
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Summary:Due to its lack of the L-gulonolactone oxidase (<i>GULO</i>) enzyme, Nile tilapia is unable to synthesize vitamin C; thus, it requires an adequate level of exogenous vitamin C in its diet. To enhance antioxidant properties and vitamin C-related effects, we employed recombinant technology to integrate the <i>GULO</i>-encoding gene into the <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> chromosome. In this study, fish were divided into four groups: those fed with a basal diet (CON), a basal diet + vitamin C (VC), a basal diet + wild-type <i>B. subtilis</i> (BS), and a basal diet + recombinant <i>B. subtilis</i> (BS+GULO). After 90 days of the feeding trial, the BS+GULO groups showed the highest improvements in final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, average daily gain, and relative growth rate. The VC, BS, and BS+GULO groups exhibited increased total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity; however, only the VC and BS+GULO groups showed elevated alternative complement 50 levels, phagocytic activity and improved antioxidant parameters compared to the control. HPLC and qRT-PCR analyses revealed elevated serum vitamin C and intestinal <i>GULO</i> mRNA levels in the BS+GULO group. A challenge test showed increased pro-inflammatory gene expression and immune response against <i>S. agalactiae</i> in the BS+GULO group, indicating improved antagonistic activity over wild-type <i>B. subtilis</i>.
ISSN:2076-3921

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