Approaches for the Elimination of Microbial Contaminants from Lippia multiflora Mold. Leaves Intended for Tea Bagging and Evaluation of Formulation
Elimination of microorganisms from herbal products has been a major concern due to its implicated health risk to consumers. Drying of herbal materials has been employed for centuries to reduce the risk of contamination and spoilage. The present study adopted three drying approaches in an attempt to...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7235489 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849410892410650624 |
|---|---|
| author | Doris Kumadoh Mary-Ann Archer Michael O. Kyene Genevieve N. Yeboah Ofosua Adi-Dako Christina Osei-Asare Emmanuel Adase Susana Oteng Mintah Hilda Amekyeh Alfred A. Appiah |
| author_facet | Doris Kumadoh Mary-Ann Archer Michael O. Kyene Genevieve N. Yeboah Ofosua Adi-Dako Christina Osei-Asare Emmanuel Adase Susana Oteng Mintah Hilda Amekyeh Alfred A. Appiah |
| author_sort | Doris Kumadoh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Elimination of microorganisms from herbal products has been a major concern due to its implicated health risk to consumers. Drying of herbal materials has been employed for centuries to reduce the risk of contamination and spoilage. The present study adopted three drying approaches in an attempt to eliminate microorganisms from Lippia multiflora tea bag formulation. This study also evaluated the tea bags and optimized the extraction procedure. The L. multiflora leaves for tea bagging were air-dried and milled (A), oven-dried and milled (B), and microwaved (the milled air-dried leaves) (C). The moisture contents were determined at 105°C ± 2°C for 2 hours to constant weight. Phytochemical parameters such as phytochemical constituents, total water extractive, and pH were assessed. The microbial safety and quality of the L. multiflora tea bags were evaluated using the British Pharmacopoeia 2019 specifications. The uniformity of the mass of the formulated tea bags was also determined. Extraction from the Lippia tea bags was optimized. The results showed that using the approaches (A, B, and C) adopted for drying and processing, the moisture contents of the formulated tea bags were in the range of 9.75–10.71% w/w. All the formulated tea bags contained reducing sugars, phenolic compounds, polyuronides, flavonoids, anthracenosides, alkaloids, saponins, and phytosterols. The pH range of the formulations was 7.11–7.54, whereas the total water extractive values were in the range of 19.12–20.41% w/w. The one-way analysis of variance demonstrated no significant difference in the data obtained from the results from A, B, and C. The formulation from A was found to be unsafe for consumption due to unacceptable microbial contamination limits. Microbial load of the formulations from B and C were within the BP specifications. All the batches of the formulations passed the uniformity of mass test. An optimized extraction procedure was obtained when one tea bag was extracted in 250 mL of hot water within the specified time. L. multiflora leaves meant for tea bagging should be oven-dried or microwaved before tea bagging for safe consumption. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-60ed09ef7f754aff97814c09352da170 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2633-4690 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-60ed09ef7f754aff97814c09352da1702025-08-20T03:34:57ZengWileyAdvances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences2633-46902022-01-01202210.1155/2022/7235489Approaches for the Elimination of Microbial Contaminants from Lippia multiflora Mold. Leaves Intended for Tea Bagging and Evaluation of FormulationDoris Kumadoh0Mary-Ann Archer1Michael O. Kyene2Genevieve N. Yeboah3Ofosua Adi-Dako4Christina Osei-Asare5Emmanuel Adase6Susana Oteng Mintah7Hilda Amekyeh8Alfred A. Appiah9Department of PharmaceuticsDepartment of PharmaceuticsDepartment of PharmaceuticsDepartment of PharmaceuticsDepartment of Pharmaceutics and MicrobiologyDepartment of Pharmaceutics and MicrobiologyDepartment of ProductionDepartment of MicrobiologyDepartment of PharmaceuticsDepartment of PhytochemistryElimination of microorganisms from herbal products has been a major concern due to its implicated health risk to consumers. Drying of herbal materials has been employed for centuries to reduce the risk of contamination and spoilage. The present study adopted three drying approaches in an attempt to eliminate microorganisms from Lippia multiflora tea bag formulation. This study also evaluated the tea bags and optimized the extraction procedure. The L. multiflora leaves for tea bagging were air-dried and milled (A), oven-dried and milled (B), and microwaved (the milled air-dried leaves) (C). The moisture contents were determined at 105°C ± 2°C for 2 hours to constant weight. Phytochemical parameters such as phytochemical constituents, total water extractive, and pH were assessed. The microbial safety and quality of the L. multiflora tea bags were evaluated using the British Pharmacopoeia 2019 specifications. The uniformity of the mass of the formulated tea bags was also determined. Extraction from the Lippia tea bags was optimized. The results showed that using the approaches (A, B, and C) adopted for drying and processing, the moisture contents of the formulated tea bags were in the range of 9.75–10.71% w/w. All the formulated tea bags contained reducing sugars, phenolic compounds, polyuronides, flavonoids, anthracenosides, alkaloids, saponins, and phytosterols. The pH range of the formulations was 7.11–7.54, whereas the total water extractive values were in the range of 19.12–20.41% w/w. The one-way analysis of variance demonstrated no significant difference in the data obtained from the results from A, B, and C. The formulation from A was found to be unsafe for consumption due to unacceptable microbial contamination limits. Microbial load of the formulations from B and C were within the BP specifications. All the batches of the formulations passed the uniformity of mass test. An optimized extraction procedure was obtained when one tea bag was extracted in 250 mL of hot water within the specified time. L. multiflora leaves meant for tea bagging should be oven-dried or microwaved before tea bagging for safe consumption.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7235489 |
| spellingShingle | Doris Kumadoh Mary-Ann Archer Michael O. Kyene Genevieve N. Yeboah Ofosua Adi-Dako Christina Osei-Asare Emmanuel Adase Susana Oteng Mintah Hilda Amekyeh Alfred A. Appiah Approaches for the Elimination of Microbial Contaminants from Lippia multiflora Mold. Leaves Intended for Tea Bagging and Evaluation of Formulation Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| title | Approaches for the Elimination of Microbial Contaminants from Lippia multiflora Mold. Leaves Intended for Tea Bagging and Evaluation of Formulation |
| title_full | Approaches for the Elimination of Microbial Contaminants from Lippia multiflora Mold. Leaves Intended for Tea Bagging and Evaluation of Formulation |
| title_fullStr | Approaches for the Elimination of Microbial Contaminants from Lippia multiflora Mold. Leaves Intended for Tea Bagging and Evaluation of Formulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Approaches for the Elimination of Microbial Contaminants from Lippia multiflora Mold. Leaves Intended for Tea Bagging and Evaluation of Formulation |
| title_short | Approaches for the Elimination of Microbial Contaminants from Lippia multiflora Mold. Leaves Intended for Tea Bagging and Evaluation of Formulation |
| title_sort | approaches for the elimination of microbial contaminants from lippia multiflora mold leaves intended for tea bagging and evaluation of formulation |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7235489 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT doriskumadoh approachesfortheeliminationofmicrobialcontaminantsfromlippiamultifloramoldleavesintendedforteabaggingandevaluationofformulation AT maryannarcher approachesfortheeliminationofmicrobialcontaminantsfromlippiamultifloramoldleavesintendedforteabaggingandevaluationofformulation AT michaelokyene approachesfortheeliminationofmicrobialcontaminantsfromlippiamultifloramoldleavesintendedforteabaggingandevaluationofformulation AT genevievenyeboah approachesfortheeliminationofmicrobialcontaminantsfromlippiamultifloramoldleavesintendedforteabaggingandevaluationofformulation AT ofosuaadidako approachesfortheeliminationofmicrobialcontaminantsfromlippiamultifloramoldleavesintendedforteabaggingandevaluationofformulation AT christinaoseiasare approachesfortheeliminationofmicrobialcontaminantsfromlippiamultifloramoldleavesintendedforteabaggingandevaluationofformulation AT emmanueladase approachesfortheeliminationofmicrobialcontaminantsfromlippiamultifloramoldleavesintendedforteabaggingandevaluationofformulation AT susanaotengmintah approachesfortheeliminationofmicrobialcontaminantsfromlippiamultifloramoldleavesintendedforteabaggingandevaluationofformulation AT hildaamekyeh approachesfortheeliminationofmicrobialcontaminantsfromlippiamultifloramoldleavesintendedforteabaggingandevaluationofformulation AT alfredaappiah approachesfortheeliminationofmicrobialcontaminantsfromlippiamultifloramoldleavesintendedforteabaggingandevaluationofformulation |