Pre-existing IgG antibodies to HCoVs NL63 and OC43 Spike increased during the pandemic and after COVID-19 vaccination
Preexisting immunity may be associated with increased protection against non-related pathogens such as, SARS-CoV-2. There is little information regarding endemic human coronaviruses (HCOVs) from Pakistan, which experienced a relatively low COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. We investigated antibodies...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025005511 |
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| author | Zahra Hasan Kiran Iqbal Masood Marc Veldhoen Shama Qaiser Marta Alenquer Mishgan Akhtar Sadaf Balouch Junaid Iqbal Yaqub Wassan Shahneel Hussain Khalid Feroz Sajid Muhammad Atif Habib Akbar Kanji Erum Khan Afsar Ali Mian Rabia Hussain Maria Joao Amorim Zulfiqar A. Bhutta |
| author_facet | Zahra Hasan Kiran Iqbal Masood Marc Veldhoen Shama Qaiser Marta Alenquer Mishgan Akhtar Sadaf Balouch Junaid Iqbal Yaqub Wassan Shahneel Hussain Khalid Feroz Sajid Muhammad Atif Habib Akbar Kanji Erum Khan Afsar Ali Mian Rabia Hussain Maria Joao Amorim Zulfiqar A. Bhutta |
| author_sort | Zahra Hasan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Preexisting immunity may be associated with increased protection against non-related pathogens such as, SARS-CoV-2. There is little information regarding endemic human coronaviruses (HCOVs) from Pakistan, which experienced a relatively low COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. We investigated antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs NL63 and OC43, comparing sera from prepandemic controls (PPC) period with responses in healthy controls from the pandemic (HC 2021). Further, we investigated the effect of inactivated and mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations on antibody responses to the pandemic and endemic coronaviruses.We measured IgG antibodies to Spike of SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 by ELISA. Serum neutralizing capacity was determined using a SARS-CoV-2 psuedotyped virus assay. Vaccinees were sampled prior to vaccination as well after 6, 12 and 24 weeks after COVID-19 inactivated (Sinovac), or mRNA (BNT162b2) vaccine administration.PPC sera showed seropositivity of 15 % to SARS-CoV-2, whilst it was 45 % in the HC 2021 group. Five percent of sera showed virus neutralizing activity in PPC whilst it was 50 % in HC 2021. IgG antibodies to Spike of NL63 and OC43 were also present in PPC; anti-NL63 was 2.9-fold, and anti-OC43 was 10.1-fold higher than to anti-SARS-CoV-2 levels. IgG antibodies to Spike SARS-CoV-2 were positively correlated with HCoV-NL63 in HC 2021, indicating recognition of shared conserved epitopes. IgG antibody levels increased during the pandemic; 2.7-fold to HCoV-NL63 and 1.9-fold to HCoV-OC43.SinoVac and BNT162b2 vaccine induced an increase in IgG antibodies to Spike SARS-CoV-2 as well as HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43.Our data show that antibodies to spike protein of endemic coronaviruses were present in the prepandemic population. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, NL63 and OC43 were all raised during the pandemic and further enhanced after COVID-19 vaccinations. The increase in antibodies to spike of coronaviruses would contribute to protection against SARS-CoV-2. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5fc83c1f23f04064b60aee3e67cd5a48 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj-art-5fc83c1f23f04064b60aee3e67cd5a482025-01-27T04:22:05ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402025-02-01113e42171Pre-existing IgG antibodies to HCoVs NL63 and OC43 Spike increased during the pandemic and after COVID-19 vaccinationZahra Hasan0Kiran Iqbal Masood1Marc Veldhoen2Shama Qaiser3Marta Alenquer4Mishgan Akhtar5Sadaf Balouch6Junaid Iqbal7Yaqub Wassan8Shahneel Hussain9Khalid Feroz10Sajid Muhammad11Atif Habib12Akbar Kanji13Erum Khan14Afsar Ali Mian15Rabia Hussain16Maria Joao Amorim17Zulfiqar A. Bhutta18Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University (AKU), Karachi, Pakistan; Corresponding author. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, P.O.Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University (AKU), Karachi, PakistanInstituto de Medicina Molecular | João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University (AKU), Karachi, PakistanCatolica Biomedical Research Center, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023, Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University (AKU), Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University (AKU), Karachi, PakistanCenter of Excellence in Women and Child Health, AKU, Karachi, PakistanCenter of Excellence in Women and Child Health, AKU, Karachi, PakistanCenter of Excellence in Women and Child Health, AKU, Karachi, PakistanCenter of Excellence in Women and Child Health, AKU, Karachi, PakistanCenter of Excellence in Women and Child Health, AKU, Karachi, PakistanCenter of Excellence in Women and Child Health, AKU, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University (AKU), Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University (AKU), Karachi, PakistanCenter for Regenerative Medicine, AKU, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University (AKU), Karachi, PakistanCatolica Biomedical Research Center, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023, Lisboa, PortugalCenter of Excellence in Women and Child Health, AKU, Karachi, Pakistan; Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, CanadaPreexisting immunity may be associated with increased protection against non-related pathogens such as, SARS-CoV-2. There is little information regarding endemic human coronaviruses (HCOVs) from Pakistan, which experienced a relatively low COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. We investigated antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs NL63 and OC43, comparing sera from prepandemic controls (PPC) period with responses in healthy controls from the pandemic (HC 2021). Further, we investigated the effect of inactivated and mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations on antibody responses to the pandemic and endemic coronaviruses.We measured IgG antibodies to Spike of SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 by ELISA. Serum neutralizing capacity was determined using a SARS-CoV-2 psuedotyped virus assay. Vaccinees were sampled prior to vaccination as well after 6, 12 and 24 weeks after COVID-19 inactivated (Sinovac), or mRNA (BNT162b2) vaccine administration.PPC sera showed seropositivity of 15 % to SARS-CoV-2, whilst it was 45 % in the HC 2021 group. Five percent of sera showed virus neutralizing activity in PPC whilst it was 50 % in HC 2021. IgG antibodies to Spike of NL63 and OC43 were also present in PPC; anti-NL63 was 2.9-fold, and anti-OC43 was 10.1-fold higher than to anti-SARS-CoV-2 levels. IgG antibodies to Spike SARS-CoV-2 were positively correlated with HCoV-NL63 in HC 2021, indicating recognition of shared conserved epitopes. IgG antibody levels increased during the pandemic; 2.7-fold to HCoV-NL63 and 1.9-fold to HCoV-OC43.SinoVac and BNT162b2 vaccine induced an increase in IgG antibodies to Spike SARS-CoV-2 as well as HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43.Our data show that antibodies to spike protein of endemic coronaviruses were present in the prepandemic population. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, NL63 and OC43 were all raised during the pandemic and further enhanced after COVID-19 vaccinations. The increase in antibodies to spike of coronaviruses would contribute to protection against SARS-CoV-2.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025005511 |
| spellingShingle | Zahra Hasan Kiran Iqbal Masood Marc Veldhoen Shama Qaiser Marta Alenquer Mishgan Akhtar Sadaf Balouch Junaid Iqbal Yaqub Wassan Shahneel Hussain Khalid Feroz Sajid Muhammad Atif Habib Akbar Kanji Erum Khan Afsar Ali Mian Rabia Hussain Maria Joao Amorim Zulfiqar A. Bhutta Pre-existing IgG antibodies to HCoVs NL63 and OC43 Spike increased during the pandemic and after COVID-19 vaccination Heliyon |
| title | Pre-existing IgG antibodies to HCoVs NL63 and OC43 Spike increased during the pandemic and after COVID-19 vaccination |
| title_full | Pre-existing IgG antibodies to HCoVs NL63 and OC43 Spike increased during the pandemic and after COVID-19 vaccination |
| title_fullStr | Pre-existing IgG antibodies to HCoVs NL63 and OC43 Spike increased during the pandemic and after COVID-19 vaccination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pre-existing IgG antibodies to HCoVs NL63 and OC43 Spike increased during the pandemic and after COVID-19 vaccination |
| title_short | Pre-existing IgG antibodies to HCoVs NL63 and OC43 Spike increased during the pandemic and after COVID-19 vaccination |
| title_sort | pre existing igg antibodies to hcovs nl63 and oc43 spike increased during the pandemic and after covid 19 vaccination |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025005511 |
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