Delay of Near-relativistic Electrons with Respect to Type III Radio Bursts throughout the Inner Heliosphere
Energetic electrons accelerated by solar eruptive events are frequently observed to have inferred injection times that appear significantly delayed with respect to electromagnetic emission including type III radio bursts. This is noteworthy because type III radio emission is produced by streaming su...
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2025-01-01
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| author | J. G. Mitchell E. R. Christian G. A. de Nolfo C. M. S. Cohen M. E. Hill A. Kouloumvakos A. W. Labrador R. A. Leske D. J. McComas R. L. McNutt Jr. D. G. Mitchell M. Shen N. A. Schwadron M. E. Wiedenbeck S. D. Bale M. Pulupa |
| author_facet | J. G. Mitchell E. R. Christian G. A. de Nolfo C. M. S. Cohen M. E. Hill A. Kouloumvakos A. W. Labrador R. A. Leske D. J. McComas R. L. McNutt Jr. D. G. Mitchell M. Shen N. A. Schwadron M. E. Wiedenbeck S. D. Bale M. Pulupa |
| author_sort | J. G. Mitchell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Energetic electrons accelerated by solar eruptive events are frequently observed to have inferred injection times that appear significantly delayed with respect to electromagnetic emission including type III radio bursts. This is noteworthy because type III radio emission is produced by streaming suprathermal electrons, and thus this observed delay implies either a delayed injection/release of higher-energy electrons, compared with the suprathermal population, and/or a delay of the electrons observed in situ in transit through the interplanetary medium. A number of studies have investigated these delays with spacecraft located at 1 au. In this study, we examine energetic electron onsets and type III radio bursts observed by the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS⊙IS) and the FIELDS Radio Frequency Spectrometer instrument on Parker Solar Probe at a variety of heliocentric distances. With these observations, we can uniquely decouple the effects of acceleration and transport and shed light on the source of these delays. We present a survey of electron events observed by IS⊙IS within the first ∼6 yr of the mission, including their delays with respect to type III emission between ∼0.1 and 0.8 au. These results suggest that energetic electron delays with respect to type III radio bursts are not purely produced by a delayed injection/release as has been suggested, implying that transport processes play a role. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5eeda0f0304b4201a560529c9f46ffaa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-5eeda0f0304b4201a560529c9f46ffaa2025-02-06T07:19:12ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198019610.3847/1538-4357/adaa7cDelay of Near-relativistic Electrons with Respect to Type III Radio Bursts throughout the Inner HeliosphereJ. G. Mitchell0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-5452E. R. Christian1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2134-3937G. A. de Nolfo2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3677-074XC. M. S. Cohen3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0978-8127M. E. Hill4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5674-4936A. Kouloumvakos5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6589-4509A. W. Labrador6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9178-5349R. A. Leske7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0156-2414D. J. McComas8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6160-1158R. L. McNutt Jr.9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4722-9166D. G. Mitchell10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1960-2119M. Shen11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-458XN. A. Schwadron12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3737-9283M. E. Wiedenbeck13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-3128S. D. Bale14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1989-3596M. Pulupa15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1573-7457NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA ; john.g.mitchell@nasa.govNASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA ; john.g.mitchell@nasa.govNASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA ; john.g.mitchell@nasa.govCalifornia Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USAJohns Hopkins University , Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USAJohns Hopkins University , Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USACalifornia Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USACalifornia Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USADepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544, USAJohns Hopkins University , Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USAJohns Hopkins University , Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USADepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544, USAUniversity of New Hampshire , Durham, NH 03824, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91109, USAPhysics Department, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA; Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USASpace Sciences Laboratory, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USAEnergetic electrons accelerated by solar eruptive events are frequently observed to have inferred injection times that appear significantly delayed with respect to electromagnetic emission including type III radio bursts. This is noteworthy because type III radio emission is produced by streaming suprathermal electrons, and thus this observed delay implies either a delayed injection/release of higher-energy electrons, compared with the suprathermal population, and/or a delay of the electrons observed in situ in transit through the interplanetary medium. A number of studies have investigated these delays with spacecraft located at 1 au. In this study, we examine energetic electron onsets and type III radio bursts observed by the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS⊙IS) and the FIELDS Radio Frequency Spectrometer instrument on Parker Solar Probe at a variety of heliocentric distances. With these observations, we can uniquely decouple the effects of acceleration and transport and shed light on the source of these delays. We present a survey of electron events observed by IS⊙IS within the first ∼6 yr of the mission, including their delays with respect to type III emission between ∼0.1 and 0.8 au. These results suggest that energetic electron delays with respect to type III radio bursts are not purely produced by a delayed injection/release as has been suggested, implying that transport processes play a role.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adaa7cSolar energetic particlesInterplanetary physicsSolar radio emission |
| spellingShingle | J. G. Mitchell E. R. Christian G. A. de Nolfo C. M. S. Cohen M. E. Hill A. Kouloumvakos A. W. Labrador R. A. Leske D. J. McComas R. L. McNutt Jr. D. G. Mitchell M. Shen N. A. Schwadron M. E. Wiedenbeck S. D. Bale M. Pulupa Delay of Near-relativistic Electrons with Respect to Type III Radio Bursts throughout the Inner Heliosphere The Astrophysical Journal Solar energetic particles Interplanetary physics Solar radio emission |
| title | Delay of Near-relativistic Electrons with Respect to Type III Radio Bursts throughout the Inner Heliosphere |
| title_full | Delay of Near-relativistic Electrons with Respect to Type III Radio Bursts throughout the Inner Heliosphere |
| title_fullStr | Delay of Near-relativistic Electrons with Respect to Type III Radio Bursts throughout the Inner Heliosphere |
| title_full_unstemmed | Delay of Near-relativistic Electrons with Respect to Type III Radio Bursts throughout the Inner Heliosphere |
| title_short | Delay of Near-relativistic Electrons with Respect to Type III Radio Bursts throughout the Inner Heliosphere |
| title_sort | delay of near relativistic electrons with respect to type iii radio bursts throughout the inner heliosphere |
| topic | Solar energetic particles Interplanetary physics Solar radio emission |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adaa7c |
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