Microlipophagy from Simple to Complex Eukaryotes
Lipophagy is a selective degradation of lipid droplets in lysosomes or vacuoles. Apart from its role in generating energy and free fatty acids for membrane repair, growth, and the formation of new membranes, lipophagy emerges as a key player in other cellular processes and disease pathogenesis. Whil...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Cells |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/2/141 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832588837562351616 |
|---|---|
| author | Ravinder Kumar Colin Arrowood Micah B. Schott Taras Y. Nazarko |
| author_facet | Ravinder Kumar Colin Arrowood Micah B. Schott Taras Y. Nazarko |
| author_sort | Ravinder Kumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lipophagy is a selective degradation of lipid droplets in lysosomes or vacuoles. Apart from its role in generating energy and free fatty acids for membrane repair, growth, and the formation of new membranes, lipophagy emerges as a key player in other cellular processes and disease pathogenesis. While fungal, plant, and algal cells use microlipophagy, the most prominent form of lipophagy in animal cells is macrolipophagy. However, recent studies showed that animal cells can also use microlipophagy to metabolize their lipid droplets. Therefore, to no surprise, microlipophagy is conserved from simple unicellular to the most complex multicellular eukaryotes, and many eukaryotic cells can operate both forms of lipophagy. Macrolipophagy is the most studied and better understood at the molecular level, while our understanding of microlipophagy is very sparse. This review will discuss microlipophagy from the perspective of its conservation in eukaryotes and its importance in diseases. To better appreciate the conserved nature of microlipophagy, different organisms and types of cells in which microlipophagy has been reported are also shown in a tabular form. We also point toward the gaps in our understanding of microlipophagy, including the signaling behind microlipophagy, especially in the cells of complex multicellular organisms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5d5285b2162e418a8e98885c66f3d14f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj-art-5d5285b2162e418a8e98885c66f3d14f2025-01-24T13:26:50ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-01-0114214110.3390/cells14020141Microlipophagy from Simple to Complex EukaryotesRavinder Kumar0Colin Arrowood1Micah B. Schott2Taras Y. Nazarko3Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USADepartment of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USALipophagy is a selective degradation of lipid droplets in lysosomes or vacuoles. Apart from its role in generating energy and free fatty acids for membrane repair, growth, and the formation of new membranes, lipophagy emerges as a key player in other cellular processes and disease pathogenesis. While fungal, plant, and algal cells use microlipophagy, the most prominent form of lipophagy in animal cells is macrolipophagy. However, recent studies showed that animal cells can also use microlipophagy to metabolize their lipid droplets. Therefore, to no surprise, microlipophagy is conserved from simple unicellular to the most complex multicellular eukaryotes, and many eukaryotic cells can operate both forms of lipophagy. Macrolipophagy is the most studied and better understood at the molecular level, while our understanding of microlipophagy is very sparse. This review will discuss microlipophagy from the perspective of its conservation in eukaryotes and its importance in diseases. To better appreciate the conserved nature of microlipophagy, different organisms and types of cells in which microlipophagy has been reported are also shown in a tabular form. We also point toward the gaps in our understanding of microlipophagy, including the signaling behind microlipophagy, especially in the cells of complex multicellular organisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/2/141autophagychaperon-mediated autophagylipid dropletslipophagymacroautophagymacrolipophagy |
| spellingShingle | Ravinder Kumar Colin Arrowood Micah B. Schott Taras Y. Nazarko Microlipophagy from Simple to Complex Eukaryotes Cells autophagy chaperon-mediated autophagy lipid droplets lipophagy macroautophagy macrolipophagy |
| title | Microlipophagy from Simple to Complex Eukaryotes |
| title_full | Microlipophagy from Simple to Complex Eukaryotes |
| title_fullStr | Microlipophagy from Simple to Complex Eukaryotes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microlipophagy from Simple to Complex Eukaryotes |
| title_short | Microlipophagy from Simple to Complex Eukaryotes |
| title_sort | microlipophagy from simple to complex eukaryotes |
| topic | autophagy chaperon-mediated autophagy lipid droplets lipophagy macroautophagy macrolipophagy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/2/141 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ravinderkumar microlipophagyfromsimpletocomplexeukaryotes AT colinarrowood microlipophagyfromsimpletocomplexeukaryotes AT micahbschott microlipophagyfromsimpletocomplexeukaryotes AT tarasynazarko microlipophagyfromsimpletocomplexeukaryotes |