Assessing the impact of industrial pollution stress on the physiological defense, proximate composition and morphological traits of riparian vegetation

Abstract The untreated disposal of industrial effluents that contain hazardous toxic metal elements such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe), causes major threats to the ecosystem. The present study aims to focus on the health of water bodies and ripa...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Anum Sajid, Kafeel Ahmad, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Ahlam Khalofah, Iftikhar Ahmad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07034-3
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