Deep eutectic solvent-assisted carbon quantum dots from biomass Triticum aestivum: A fluorescent sensor for nanomolar detection of dual analytes mercury (Ⅱ) and glutathione
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to its environment friendly characteristics and its participation in the multi-heteroatom doping of carbon quantum dots (CQDs). In this work, we present a simple, fast, and environment-friendly microwave synthesis...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| author | Shivam Khare Neeraj Sohal Mandeep Kaur Banibrata Maity |
| author_facet | Shivam Khare Neeraj Sohal Mandeep Kaur Banibrata Maity |
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| description | Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to its environment friendly characteristics and its participation in the multi-heteroatom doping of carbon quantum dots (CQDs). In this work, we present a simple, fast, and environment-friendly microwave synthesis approach for the synthesis of DES-assisted nitrogen and chloride co-doped CQDs (N,Cl-CQDs) using a choline chloride-urea based DES. A biomass-based precursor, i.e., wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum), has been used as a carbon source. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the spherical shape with average 1.75 nm particle diameter of prepared CQDs. The surface functionality and chemical composition of prepared N,Cl-CQDs were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques. The N,Cl-CQDs obtained a high quantum yield (QY), i.e., 36 %, compared to undoped CQDs, which were synthesized in an aqueous medium (QY = 15 %). The prepared N,Cl-CQDs showed significant properties such as excellent photostability, favorable water solubility, and high optical stability. N,Cl-CQDs were used as sensing platform for the detection of Hg2+ ions and GSH with LOD value of 39 nM and 43 nM, respectively. The fluorescence quenching mechanism was confirmed by several photophysical parameters, such as average lifetime values, radiative rate constant (kr), non-radiative rate constant (knr) and others. Furthermore, the current sensing system's viability is also tested in a river water sample for the detection of Hg2+. The N,Cl-CQDs prepared in this study exhibited a reduced detection limit and a broad linear range by an easy, environmentally friendly, and rapid method for detecting GSH and Hg2+ ions. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj-art-5c75372e1c944c5b935f6fad379d7bb42025-02-02T05:28:23ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402025-01-01112e41853Deep eutectic solvent-assisted carbon quantum dots from biomass Triticum aestivum: A fluorescent sensor for nanomolar detection of dual analytes mercury (Ⅱ) and glutathioneShivam Khare0Neeraj Sohal1Mandeep Kaur2Banibrata Maity3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, India; Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, India; Corresponding author.Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to its environment friendly characteristics and its participation in the multi-heteroatom doping of carbon quantum dots (CQDs). In this work, we present a simple, fast, and environment-friendly microwave synthesis approach for the synthesis of DES-assisted nitrogen and chloride co-doped CQDs (N,Cl-CQDs) using a choline chloride-urea based DES. A biomass-based precursor, i.e., wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum), has been used as a carbon source. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the spherical shape with average 1.75 nm particle diameter of prepared CQDs. The surface functionality and chemical composition of prepared N,Cl-CQDs were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques. The N,Cl-CQDs obtained a high quantum yield (QY), i.e., 36 %, compared to undoped CQDs, which were synthesized in an aqueous medium (QY = 15 %). The prepared N,Cl-CQDs showed significant properties such as excellent photostability, favorable water solubility, and high optical stability. N,Cl-CQDs were used as sensing platform for the detection of Hg2+ ions and GSH with LOD value of 39 nM and 43 nM, respectively. The fluorescence quenching mechanism was confirmed by several photophysical parameters, such as average lifetime values, radiative rate constant (kr), non-radiative rate constant (knr) and others. Furthermore, the current sensing system's viability is also tested in a river water sample for the detection of Hg2+. The N,Cl-CQDs prepared in this study exhibited a reduced detection limit and a broad linear range by an easy, environmentally friendly, and rapid method for detecting GSH and Hg2+ ions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025002336Deep eutectic solventsCarbon quantum dotsfluorescence sensingBiomassHeteroatom doping |
| spellingShingle | Shivam Khare Neeraj Sohal Mandeep Kaur Banibrata Maity Deep eutectic solvent-assisted carbon quantum dots from biomass Triticum aestivum: A fluorescent sensor for nanomolar detection of dual analytes mercury (Ⅱ) and glutathione Heliyon Deep eutectic solvents Carbon quantum dots fluorescence sensing Biomass Heteroatom doping |
| title | Deep eutectic solvent-assisted carbon quantum dots from biomass Triticum aestivum: A fluorescent sensor for nanomolar detection of dual analytes mercury (Ⅱ) and glutathione |
| title_full | Deep eutectic solvent-assisted carbon quantum dots from biomass Triticum aestivum: A fluorescent sensor for nanomolar detection of dual analytes mercury (Ⅱ) and glutathione |
| title_fullStr | Deep eutectic solvent-assisted carbon quantum dots from biomass Triticum aestivum: A fluorescent sensor for nanomolar detection of dual analytes mercury (Ⅱ) and glutathione |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deep eutectic solvent-assisted carbon quantum dots from biomass Triticum aestivum: A fluorescent sensor for nanomolar detection of dual analytes mercury (Ⅱ) and glutathione |
| title_short | Deep eutectic solvent-assisted carbon quantum dots from biomass Triticum aestivum: A fluorescent sensor for nanomolar detection of dual analytes mercury (Ⅱ) and glutathione |
| title_sort | deep eutectic solvent assisted carbon quantum dots from biomass triticum aestivum a fluorescent sensor for nanomolar detection of dual analytes mercury ii and glutathione |
| topic | Deep eutectic solvents Carbon quantum dots fluorescence sensing Biomass Heteroatom doping |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025002336 |
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