High Energy Density Welding of Ni-Based Superalloys: An Overview
High energy density technologies for welding processes provide opportune solutions to joint metal materials and repair components in several industrial applications. Their high-performance levels are related to the high penetration depth and welding speed achievable. Moreover, the localized thermal...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Riccardo Donnini Alessandra Varone Alessandra Palombi Saveria Spiller Paolo Ferro Giuliano Angella |
| author_facet | Riccardo Donnini Alessandra Varone Alessandra Palombi Saveria Spiller Paolo Ferro Giuliano Angella |
| author_sort | Riccardo Donnini |
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| description | High energy density technologies for welding processes provide opportune solutions to joint metal materials and repair components in several industrial applications. Their high-performance levels are related to the high penetration depth and welding speed achievable. Moreover, the localized thermal input helps in reducing distortion and residual stresses in the welds, minimizing the extension of the fusion zone and heat-affected zone. The use of these welding technologies can be decisive in the employment of sophisticated alloys such as Ni-based superalloys, which are notoriously excellent candidates for industrial components subjected to high temperatures and corrosive work conditions. Nonetheless, the peculiar crystallographic and chemical complexity of Ni-based superalloys (whether characterized by polycrystalline, directionally solidified, or single-crystal microstructure) leads to high susceptibility to welding processes and, in general, challenging issues related to the microstructural features of the welded joints. The present review highlights the advantages and drawbacks of high energy density (Laser Beam and Electron Beam) welding techniques applied to Ni-based superalloy. The effects of process parameters on cracking susceptibility have been analyzed to better understand the correlation between them and the microstructure-mechanical properties of the welds. The weldability of three different polycrystalline Ni superalloys, one solid solution-strengthened alloy, Inconel 625, and two precipitation-strengthen alloys, Nimonic 263 and Inconel 718, is reviewed in detail. In addition, a variant of the latter, the AF955 alloy, is also presented for its great potential in terms of weldability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5afa761914804049a764531a0d57192b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5afa761914804049a764531a0d57192b2025-01-24T13:41:27ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-01-011513010.3390/met15010030High Energy Density Welding of Ni-Based Superalloys: An OverviewRiccardo Donnini0Alessandra Varone1Alessandra Palombi2Saveria Spiller3Paolo Ferro4Giuliano Angella5National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Energy Technologies (ICMATE), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Management and Engineering, University of Padua, Stradella S. Nicola 3, 36100 Vicenza, ItalyDepartment of Management and Engineering, University of Padua, Stradella S. Nicola 3, 36100 Vicenza, ItalyNational Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Energy Technologies (ICMATE), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milan, ItalyHigh energy density technologies for welding processes provide opportune solutions to joint metal materials and repair components in several industrial applications. Their high-performance levels are related to the high penetration depth and welding speed achievable. Moreover, the localized thermal input helps in reducing distortion and residual stresses in the welds, minimizing the extension of the fusion zone and heat-affected zone. The use of these welding technologies can be decisive in the employment of sophisticated alloys such as Ni-based superalloys, which are notoriously excellent candidates for industrial components subjected to high temperatures and corrosive work conditions. Nonetheless, the peculiar crystallographic and chemical complexity of Ni-based superalloys (whether characterized by polycrystalline, directionally solidified, or single-crystal microstructure) leads to high susceptibility to welding processes and, in general, challenging issues related to the microstructural features of the welded joints. The present review highlights the advantages and drawbacks of high energy density (Laser Beam and Electron Beam) welding techniques applied to Ni-based superalloy. The effects of process parameters on cracking susceptibility have been analyzed to better understand the correlation between them and the microstructure-mechanical properties of the welds. The weldability of three different polycrystalline Ni superalloys, one solid solution-strengthened alloy, Inconel 625, and two precipitation-strengthen alloys, Nimonic 263 and Inconel 718, is reviewed in detail. In addition, a variant of the latter, the AF955 alloy, is also presented for its great potential in terms of weldability.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/1/30Ni-based superalloymicrostructurelaser beam weldingelectron beam welding |
| spellingShingle | Riccardo Donnini Alessandra Varone Alessandra Palombi Saveria Spiller Paolo Ferro Giuliano Angella High Energy Density Welding of Ni-Based Superalloys: An Overview Metals Ni-based superalloy microstructure laser beam welding electron beam welding |
| title | High Energy Density Welding of Ni-Based Superalloys: An Overview |
| title_full | High Energy Density Welding of Ni-Based Superalloys: An Overview |
| title_fullStr | High Energy Density Welding of Ni-Based Superalloys: An Overview |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Energy Density Welding of Ni-Based Superalloys: An Overview |
| title_short | High Energy Density Welding of Ni-Based Superalloys: An Overview |
| title_sort | high energy density welding of ni based superalloys an overview |
| topic | Ni-based superalloy microstructure laser beam welding electron beam welding |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/1/30 |
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