Effect of Far-Red Light and Nutrient Solution Formulas on Calendula Production in a Plant Factory

Effect of Far-Red Light and Nutrient Solution Formulas on Calendula Production in a Plant Factory

Calendula (<i>Calendula officinalis</i> L.), an edible and medicinal flower, faces challenges in yield uniformity and quality stability under open-field cultivation. Plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) are highly controlled systems that enable year-round production, efficien...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Maitree Munyanont, Na Lu, Thanit Ruangsangaram, Michiko Takagaki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Biology
Subjects:
edible flower
light spectrum
end-of-day far-red
NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>
nutrient use efficiency
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/6/716
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