Managing Surcharge Risk in Strategic Fleet Deployment: A Partial Relaxed MIP Model Framework with a Case Study on China-Built Ships

Container liner shipping companies operate within a complex environment where they must balance profitability and service reliability. Meanwhile, evolving regulatory policies, such as surcharges imposed on ships of a particular origin or type on specific trade lanes, introduce new operational challe...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yanmeng Tao, Ying Yang, Shuaian Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8582
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