Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Species on U.S. Swine Sites as Part of the NAHMS 2021 Swine Enteric Study
Salmonella species are an important cause of systemic and gastrointestinal disease in animals and humans worldwide; they are also increasingly resistant to multiple classes of antimicrobials which may aid in their treatment and control. Salmonella can also be shed asymptomatically. The aim of this s...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Food Protection |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24002199 |
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| author | Stephanie C. Hempstead Catherine A. Gensler Charles A. Haley Alyson M. Wiedenheft James B. Robertson Paula J. Fedorka-Cray Megan E. Jacob |
| author_facet | Stephanie C. Hempstead Catherine A. Gensler Charles A. Haley Alyson M. Wiedenheft James B. Robertson Paula J. Fedorka-Cray Megan E. Jacob |
| author_sort | Stephanie C. Hempstead |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salmonella species are an important cause of systemic and gastrointestinal disease in animals and humans worldwide; they are also increasingly resistant to multiple classes of antimicrobials which may aid in their treatment and control. Salmonella can also be shed asymptomatically. The aim of this study was to survey the U.S. swine industry to determine and update estimates of Salmonella prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), replicon distribution, and biofilm potential as part of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) 2021 Swine Study. A total of 1,043 fecal samples were collected from finishing swine 20 weeks and older on 39 sites, from November 2021 through April 2022. Salmonella detection was culture-based and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution; replicon typing was completed by PCR. Biofilm potential was assessed using a crystal violet assay and normalized to a positive control strain. Overall, the prevalence of Salmonella in swine feces was low (3.9%; 41 of 1,043) and comprised of a broad range of serotypes including S. Derby (34.1%) and S. I 4,[5],12:i:- (22.0%), also found previously. Resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent was detected in 61.0% of isolates with the most prevalent resistance to tetracycline (53.7%). Multidrug resistance (≥3 antimicrobial classes) was found in 26.8% of isolates. The most prevalent replicon types detected were IncHI2 (24.4%) and IncA/C (24.4%), both of which have previously been associated with Salmonella isolated from swine. The majority (85.4%) of isolates formed some biofilm in vitro, characterized as weak (36.6%), moderate (39.0%), or strong (9.8%), with no major associations among common serotype or AMR pattern. Surveillance programs updating the prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella in the U.S. swine population will inform ongoing farm-level and public health efforts to mitigate animal and human health risks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-54e1d5e6b6cd4e008b0e8462bcfcb529 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0362-028X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Food Protection |
| spelling | doaj-art-54e1d5e6b6cd4e008b0e8462bcfcb5292025-02-02T05:26:41ZengElsevierJournal of Food Protection0362-028X2025-02-01882100435Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Species on U.S. Swine Sites as Part of the NAHMS 2021 Swine Enteric StudyStephanie C. Hempstead0Catherine A. Gensler1Charles A. Haley2Alyson M. Wiedenheft3James B. Robertson4Paula J. Fedorka-Cray5Megan E. Jacob6Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USADepartment of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USANational Animal Health Monitoring System, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USANational Animal Health Monitoring System, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USADepartment of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USADepartment of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USADepartment of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Corresponding author at: Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, USA.Salmonella species are an important cause of systemic and gastrointestinal disease in animals and humans worldwide; they are also increasingly resistant to multiple classes of antimicrobials which may aid in their treatment and control. Salmonella can also be shed asymptomatically. The aim of this study was to survey the U.S. swine industry to determine and update estimates of Salmonella prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), replicon distribution, and biofilm potential as part of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) 2021 Swine Study. A total of 1,043 fecal samples were collected from finishing swine 20 weeks and older on 39 sites, from November 2021 through April 2022. Salmonella detection was culture-based and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution; replicon typing was completed by PCR. Biofilm potential was assessed using a crystal violet assay and normalized to a positive control strain. Overall, the prevalence of Salmonella in swine feces was low (3.9%; 41 of 1,043) and comprised of a broad range of serotypes including S. Derby (34.1%) and S. I 4,[5],12:i:- (22.0%), also found previously. Resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent was detected in 61.0% of isolates with the most prevalent resistance to tetracycline (53.7%). Multidrug resistance (≥3 antimicrobial classes) was found in 26.8% of isolates. The most prevalent replicon types detected were IncHI2 (24.4%) and IncA/C (24.4%), both of which have previously been associated with Salmonella isolated from swine. The majority (85.4%) of isolates formed some biofilm in vitro, characterized as weak (36.6%), moderate (39.0%), or strong (9.8%), with no major associations among common serotype or AMR pattern. Surveillance programs updating the prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella in the U.S. swine population will inform ongoing farm-level and public health efforts to mitigate animal and human health risks.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24002199Antimicrobial resistanceSalmonellaSwine |
| spellingShingle | Stephanie C. Hempstead Catherine A. Gensler Charles A. Haley Alyson M. Wiedenheft James B. Robertson Paula J. Fedorka-Cray Megan E. Jacob Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Species on U.S. Swine Sites as Part of the NAHMS 2021 Swine Enteric Study Journal of Food Protection Antimicrobial resistance Salmonella Swine |
| title | Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Species on U.S. Swine Sites as Part of the NAHMS 2021 Swine Enteric Study |
| title_full | Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Species on U.S. Swine Sites as Part of the NAHMS 2021 Swine Enteric Study |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Species on U.S. Swine Sites as Part of the NAHMS 2021 Swine Enteric Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Species on U.S. Swine Sites as Part of the NAHMS 2021 Swine Enteric Study |
| title_short | Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Species on U.S. Swine Sites as Part of the NAHMS 2021 Swine Enteric Study |
| title_sort | prevalence and characterization of salmonella species on u s swine sites as part of the nahms 2021 swine enteric study |
| topic | Antimicrobial resistance Salmonella Swine |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24002199 |
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