The Impact of Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) on EFL Learners’ Engagement: Mediating Roles of Flow, Online Self-Efficacy, and Behavioral Intention
In the evolving landscape of online language learning, informal digital learning of English (IDLE) plays a crucial role, particularly among English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. Previous research has investigated the direct impact of IDLE on EFL learners’ engagement. However, little attentio...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Behavioral Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/7/851 |
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