Pre-workout multi-ingredients or carbohydrate alone promote similar resistance training outcomes in middle-aged adults: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial

Background Pre-workout multi-ingredients are designed to enhance energy levels and acutely increase exercise performance. This study compared the effectiveness of ingesting an admixture providing caffeinated ingredients and plant-based protein enriched with amino acids versus carbohydrates alone on...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Joel Puente-Fernández, Eneko Larumbe-Zabala, Justin Roberts, Fernando Naclerio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15502783.2025.2519515
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