Eight-element flexible MIMO antenna based on characteristics mode theory with enhanced channel capacity for sub 6 GHz 5G communications
The rapid progress in wireless technology introduces a suite of furtherance designed to fulfil the ever-growing data consumption, expansion of smart devices, and rise of the Internet of Things (IoT). Such hyper-connected communication demands multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems to meet the...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025002944 |
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| author | Deepthi Mariam John Shweta Vincent Sameena Pathan Kunjan D Shinde B S Supreetha Tanweer Ali |
| author_facet | Deepthi Mariam John Shweta Vincent Sameena Pathan Kunjan D Shinde B S Supreetha Tanweer Ali |
| author_sort | Deepthi Mariam John |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rapid progress in wireless technology introduces a suite of furtherance designed to fulfil the ever-growing data consumption, expansion of smart devices, and rise of the Internet of Things (IoT). Such hyper-connected communication demands multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems to meet the channel capacity. The modeling and analysis of an eight-element MIMO antenna for 5G wireless communication is communicated in the article. The single-element antenna constitutes a co-planar waveguide (CPW) fed transformed circular monopole antenna designed using the theory of characteristic modes (CMA) to cover the specific band. The proposed eight-element antenna has progressively evolved by placing the dual-element orthogonal to each other. The antenna possesses a total dimension of 1.76λ × 1.76λ × 0.0013 λ (λ computed corresponding to the lower frequency of 3.92 GHz) and offers an impedance bandwidth of 25.20 % (3.92–5.05 GHz). The orthogonal orientation and a connected ground structure offer 21 dB isolation over the bandwidth. Further, the antenna is estimated using conformal and on-body analysis for wearable application scenarios. The antenna exhibits an excellent bending profile and low specific absorption rate (SAR) value, suitable for wearable applications. The MIMO performances show excellent results with favourable MIMO metrics and a channel capacity of 42.46 bps/Hz suited for seamless communication. The link budget estimation in a line-of-sight (LOS) scenario is presented in the article to understand the integration of the antenna in the real-time communication domain. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-502ca873c7934275bcf9bf45a3def6e9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-502ca873c7934275bcf9bf45a3def6e92025-02-02T05:29:16ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-03-0125104208Eight-element flexible MIMO antenna based on characteristics mode theory with enhanced channel capacity for sub 6 GHz 5G communicationsDeepthi Mariam John0Shweta Vincent1Sameena Pathan2Kunjan D Shinde3B S Supreetha4Tanweer Ali5Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaDepartment of Mechatronics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaDepartment of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AGMR College of Engineering and Technology, Varur 581207, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; Corresponding author.The rapid progress in wireless technology introduces a suite of furtherance designed to fulfil the ever-growing data consumption, expansion of smart devices, and rise of the Internet of Things (IoT). Such hyper-connected communication demands multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems to meet the channel capacity. The modeling and analysis of an eight-element MIMO antenna for 5G wireless communication is communicated in the article. The single-element antenna constitutes a co-planar waveguide (CPW) fed transformed circular monopole antenna designed using the theory of characteristic modes (CMA) to cover the specific band. The proposed eight-element antenna has progressively evolved by placing the dual-element orthogonal to each other. The antenna possesses a total dimension of 1.76λ × 1.76λ × 0.0013 λ (λ computed corresponding to the lower frequency of 3.92 GHz) and offers an impedance bandwidth of 25.20 % (3.92–5.05 GHz). The orthogonal orientation and a connected ground structure offer 21 dB isolation over the bandwidth. Further, the antenna is estimated using conformal and on-body analysis for wearable application scenarios. The antenna exhibits an excellent bending profile and low specific absorption rate (SAR) value, suitable for wearable applications. The MIMO performances show excellent results with favourable MIMO metrics and a channel capacity of 42.46 bps/Hz suited for seamless communication. The link budget estimation in a line-of-sight (LOS) scenario is presented in the article to understand the integration of the antenna in the real-time communication domain.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025002944MIMO antennaSub-6 GHzCMALink budget analysisChannel capacityBending |
| spellingShingle | Deepthi Mariam John Shweta Vincent Sameena Pathan Kunjan D Shinde B S Supreetha Tanweer Ali Eight-element flexible MIMO antenna based on characteristics mode theory with enhanced channel capacity for sub 6 GHz 5G communications Results in Engineering MIMO antenna Sub-6 GHz CMA Link budget analysis Channel capacity Bending |
| title | Eight-element flexible MIMO antenna based on characteristics mode theory with enhanced channel capacity for sub 6 GHz 5G communications |
| title_full | Eight-element flexible MIMO antenna based on characteristics mode theory with enhanced channel capacity for sub 6 GHz 5G communications |
| title_fullStr | Eight-element flexible MIMO antenna based on characteristics mode theory with enhanced channel capacity for sub 6 GHz 5G communications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eight-element flexible MIMO antenna based on characteristics mode theory with enhanced channel capacity for sub 6 GHz 5G communications |
| title_short | Eight-element flexible MIMO antenna based on characteristics mode theory with enhanced channel capacity for sub 6 GHz 5G communications |
| title_sort | eight element flexible mimo antenna based on characteristics mode theory with enhanced channel capacity for sub 6 ghz 5g communications |
| topic | MIMO antenna Sub-6 GHz CMA Link budget analysis Channel capacity Bending |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025002944 |
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