Study of Crystal Structure, Lattice Strain, and Elemental Content of Natural Iron Sand Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Coprecipitation Method
This study was conducted to investigate the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles from iron sand collected from the Bah Bolon River in Indonesia, using the coprecipitation method with NaOH and NH4OH as precipitants. The results showed that based on SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy coupled with e...
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Mahidol University
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Environment and Natural Resources Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ennrj/article/view/254090/171778 |
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| author | Tulus Na Duma Syahrul Humaidi Erna Frida Mohd. Mustafa Awang Kechik Muhammadin Hamid Martha Rianna Novita Rahmadhani Banurea Norazimah Mohd Yusof Nur Jannah Azman |
| author_facet | Tulus Na Duma Syahrul Humaidi Erna Frida Mohd. Mustafa Awang Kechik Muhammadin Hamid Martha Rianna Novita Rahmadhani Banurea Norazimah Mohd Yusof Nur Jannah Azman |
| author_sort | Tulus Na Duma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study was conducted to investigate the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles from iron sand collected from the Bah Bolon River in Indonesia, using the coprecipitation method with NaOH and NH4OH as precipitants. The results showed that based on SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy) analysis, the Fe content of the raw iron sand, initially at 34.76%, increased to 45.50% following synthesis with NH4OH, indicating enhanced purity in the final product. SEM observations found average particle sizes of approximately 53 nm for nanoparticles synthesized with NaOH and 20 nm for those synthesized with NH4OH. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the synthesized nanoparticles retain the magnetite (Fe3O4) phase with a face-centered cubic (FCC) spinel structure. Crystallite size calculations using the Scherrer equation yielded average crystallite sizes of 80.194 nm for NaOH-synthesized samples and 15.124 nm for NH4OH-synthesized samples, demonstrating that NH4OH favors the formation of smaller crystallites. Lattice strain analysis through the Williamson-Hall method showed positive tensile strain values for all samples, indicating structural tension within the crystal lattice. The NH4OH-synthesized nanoparticles had slightly higher lattice strain, suggesting that synthesis conditions impact both crystallite size and lattice tension. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that NH4OH was more effective than NaOH in producing high-purity, small-crystallite magnetite nanoparticles from natural iron sand, with potential implications for enhanced material properties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4fe5e121cb834ce8aac2631b73d7130e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1686-5456 2408-2384 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Mahidol University |
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| series | Environment and Natural Resources Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-4fe5e121cb834ce8aac2631b73d7130e2025-01-27T09:17:25ZengMahidol UniversityEnvironment and Natural Resources Journal1686-54562408-23842025-01-012319510410.32526/ennrj/23/20240141Study of Crystal Structure, Lattice Strain, and Elemental Content of Natural Iron Sand Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Coprecipitation MethodTulus Na Duma0Syahrul Humaidi1Erna Frida2Mohd. Mustafa Awang Kechik3Muhammadin Hamid4Martha Rianna5Novita6Rahmadhani Banurea7Norazimah Mohd Yusof 8Nur Jannah Azman9Postgraduate Program (Physics), FMIPA, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No.1, Medan 20155, IndonesiaPostgraduate Program (Physics), FMIPA, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No.1, Medan 20155, IndonesiaPostgraduate Program (Physics), FMIPA, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No.1, Medan 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No.1, Medan 20155, IndonesiaPostgraduate Program (Physics), FMIPA, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No.1, Medan 20155, IndonesiaPostgraduate Program (Physics), FMIPA, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No.1, Medan 20155, IndonesiaPostgraduate Program (Physics), FMIPA, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No.1, Medan 20155, IndonesiaFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah 72000, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah 72000, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaThis study was conducted to investigate the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles from iron sand collected from the Bah Bolon River in Indonesia, using the coprecipitation method with NaOH and NH4OH as precipitants. The results showed that based on SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy) analysis, the Fe content of the raw iron sand, initially at 34.76%, increased to 45.50% following synthesis with NH4OH, indicating enhanced purity in the final product. SEM observations found average particle sizes of approximately 53 nm for nanoparticles synthesized with NaOH and 20 nm for those synthesized with NH4OH. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the synthesized nanoparticles retain the magnetite (Fe3O4) phase with a face-centered cubic (FCC) spinel structure. Crystallite size calculations using the Scherrer equation yielded average crystallite sizes of 80.194 nm for NaOH-synthesized samples and 15.124 nm for NH4OH-synthesized samples, demonstrating that NH4OH favors the formation of smaller crystallites. Lattice strain analysis through the Williamson-Hall method showed positive tensile strain values for all samples, indicating structural tension within the crystal lattice. The NH4OH-synthesized nanoparticles had slightly higher lattice strain, suggesting that synthesis conditions impact both crystallite size and lattice tension. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that NH4OH was more effective than NaOH in producing high-purity, small-crystallite magnetite nanoparticles from natural iron sand, with potential implications for enhanced material properties.https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ennrj/article/view/254090/171778crystal structurecoprecipitationiron sandlattice strainmagnetite nanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Tulus Na Duma Syahrul Humaidi Erna Frida Mohd. Mustafa Awang Kechik Muhammadin Hamid Martha Rianna Novita Rahmadhani Banurea Norazimah Mohd Yusof Nur Jannah Azman Study of Crystal Structure, Lattice Strain, and Elemental Content of Natural Iron Sand Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Coprecipitation Method Environment and Natural Resources Journal crystal structure coprecipitation iron sand lattice strain magnetite nanoparticles |
| title | Study of Crystal Structure, Lattice Strain, and Elemental Content of Natural Iron Sand Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Coprecipitation Method |
| title_full | Study of Crystal Structure, Lattice Strain, and Elemental Content of Natural Iron Sand Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Coprecipitation Method |
| title_fullStr | Study of Crystal Structure, Lattice Strain, and Elemental Content of Natural Iron Sand Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Coprecipitation Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of Crystal Structure, Lattice Strain, and Elemental Content of Natural Iron Sand Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Coprecipitation Method |
| title_short | Study of Crystal Structure, Lattice Strain, and Elemental Content of Natural Iron Sand Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Coprecipitation Method |
| title_sort | study of crystal structure lattice strain and elemental content of natural iron sand nanoparticles synthesized by the coprecipitation method |
| topic | crystal structure coprecipitation iron sand lattice strain magnetite nanoparticles |
| url | https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ennrj/article/view/254090/171778 |
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