Biodegradable and Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery in Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune diseases present complex therapeutic challenges due to their chronic nature, systemic impact, and requirement for precise immunomodulation to avoid adverse side effects. Recent advancements in biodegradable and stimuli-responsive nanomaterials have opened new avenues for targeted drug del...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/1/24 |
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| author | Nargish Parvin Sang Woo Joo Tapas K. Mandal |
| author_facet | Nargish Parvin Sang Woo Joo Tapas K. Mandal |
| author_sort | Nargish Parvin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autoimmune diseases present complex therapeutic challenges due to their chronic nature, systemic impact, and requirement for precise immunomodulation to avoid adverse side effects. Recent advancements in biodegradable and stimuli-responsive nanomaterials have opened new avenues for targeted drug delivery systems capable of addressing these challenges. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of state-of-the-art biodegradable nanocarriers such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and hydrogels engineered for targeted delivery in autoimmune therapies. These nanomaterials are designed to degrade safely in the body while releasing therapeutic agents in response to specific stimuli, including pH, temperature, redox conditions, and enzymatic activity. By achieving localized and controlled release of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents, these systems minimize systemic toxicity and enhance therapeutic efficacy. We discuss the underlying mechanisms of stimuli-responsive nanomaterials, recent applications in treating diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease, and the design considerations essential for clinical translation. Additionally, we address current challenges, including biocompatibility, scalability, and regulatory hurdles, as well as future directions for integrating advanced nanotechnology with personalized medicine in autoimmune treatment. This review highlights the transformative potential of biodegradable and stimuli-responsive nanomaterials, presenting them as a promising strategy to advance precision medicine and improve patient outcomes in autoimmune disease management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4f75e0bcf3cc4a05b463fe3c977fe762 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-4f75e0bcf3cc4a05b463fe3c977fe7622025-01-24T13:36:09ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832025-01-011612410.3390/jfb16010024Biodegradable and Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery in Autoimmune DiseasesNargish Parvin0Sang Woo Joo1Tapas K. Mandal2School of Mechanical Engineering, School of Basic Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, School of Basic Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, School of Basic Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaAutoimmune diseases present complex therapeutic challenges due to their chronic nature, systemic impact, and requirement for precise immunomodulation to avoid adverse side effects. Recent advancements in biodegradable and stimuli-responsive nanomaterials have opened new avenues for targeted drug delivery systems capable of addressing these challenges. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of state-of-the-art biodegradable nanocarriers such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and hydrogels engineered for targeted delivery in autoimmune therapies. These nanomaterials are designed to degrade safely in the body while releasing therapeutic agents in response to specific stimuli, including pH, temperature, redox conditions, and enzymatic activity. By achieving localized and controlled release of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents, these systems minimize systemic toxicity and enhance therapeutic efficacy. We discuss the underlying mechanisms of stimuli-responsive nanomaterials, recent applications in treating diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease, and the design considerations essential for clinical translation. Additionally, we address current challenges, including biocompatibility, scalability, and regulatory hurdles, as well as future directions for integrating advanced nanotechnology with personalized medicine in autoimmune treatment. This review highlights the transformative potential of biodegradable and stimuli-responsive nanomaterials, presenting them as a promising strategy to advance precision medicine and improve patient outcomes in autoimmune disease management.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/1/24biodegradable nanomaterialsstimuli-responsive drug deliveryautoimmune disease treatmenttargeted drug delivery systemsimmunomodulation |
| spellingShingle | Nargish Parvin Sang Woo Joo Tapas K. Mandal Biodegradable and Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery in Autoimmune Diseases Journal of Functional Biomaterials biodegradable nanomaterials stimuli-responsive drug delivery autoimmune disease treatment targeted drug delivery systems immunomodulation |
| title | Biodegradable and Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery in Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_full | Biodegradable and Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery in Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Biodegradable and Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery in Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biodegradable and Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery in Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_short | Biodegradable and Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery in Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_sort | biodegradable and stimuli responsive nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery in autoimmune diseases |
| topic | biodegradable nanomaterials stimuli-responsive drug delivery autoimmune disease treatment targeted drug delivery systems immunomodulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/1/24 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nargishparvin biodegradableandstimuliresponsivenanomaterialsfortargeteddrugdeliveryinautoimmunediseases AT sangwoojoo biodegradableandstimuliresponsivenanomaterialsfortargeteddrugdeliveryinautoimmunediseases AT tapaskmandal biodegradableandstimuliresponsivenanomaterialsfortargeteddrugdeliveryinautoimmunediseases |