Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Isolates from Subclinical Mastitis in Danish Dairy Cows
<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Although <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> is a key cause of subclinical mastitis in Danish dairy cows, its sensitivity to antimicrobials remains unexplored. Here, we analyzed sixty <i>S. epidermidis</i> isolates derived from 42 dairy...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Desiree Corvera Kløve Mikael Lenz Strube Peter M. H. Heegaard Lærke Boye Astrup |
| author_facet | Desiree Corvera Kløve Mikael Lenz Strube Peter M. H. Heegaard Lærke Boye Astrup |
| author_sort | Desiree Corvera Kløve |
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| description | <b>Background/Objectives:</b> Although <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> is a key cause of subclinical mastitis in Danish dairy cows, its sensitivity to antimicrobials remains unexplored. Here, we analyzed sixty <i>S. epidermidis</i> isolates derived from 42 dairy cows across six conventional dairy herds in Denmark. <b>Methods:</b> Phenotypic resistance was measured by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis, and genotypic resistance was examined through whole-genome sequencing and identification of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Correspondence between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was then evaluated by Cohen’s kappa statistics. Furthermore, the presence of plasmid replicon genes and the strain diversity among the <i>S. epidermidis</i> isolates was investigated to associate these findings with the observed AMR patterns. <b>Results:</b> Results showed that 30/60 isolates (50.0%) were resistant to penicillin phenotypically, while 35/60 (58.3%) were positive for a corresponding <i>blaZ</i> gene (<i>κ</i> = 0.83, <i>p</i> < 0.01). A <i>fosB</i> gene, encoding fosfomycin resistance, was detected in all 60/60 isolates (100.0%), but fosfomycin resistance was not analyzed phenotypically. Based on MIC analysis, 3/60 isolates (5.0%) were multi-drug resistant, showing resistance towards penicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. However, in 11/60 genomes (18.3%), ARGs encoding resistance towards ≥3 antimicrobial classes (e.g., beta-lactams, phosphonic acid, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, and fusidane) were detected. Eleven different ARGs were detected among the 60 isolates in total. No methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE) were recorded. Results further showed that each herd had one primary sequence type (ST) and resistance profile associated with it, and plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer of ARGs was indicated This study underscores the importance of routine resistance surveillance and species-specific diagnoses to improve treatment outcomes and ensure prudent use of antimicrobials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4b47d2369bfc40199d1532cba710d55a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-4b47d2369bfc40199d1532cba710d55a2025-01-24T13:18:49ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-01-011416710.3390/antibiotics14010067Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Isolates from Subclinical Mastitis in Danish Dairy CowsDesiree Corvera Kløve0Mikael Lenz Strube1Peter M. H. Heegaard2Lærke Boye Astrup3Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkDepartment of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkDepartment of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkSEGES Innovation P/S, Agro Food Park, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Although <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> is a key cause of subclinical mastitis in Danish dairy cows, its sensitivity to antimicrobials remains unexplored. Here, we analyzed sixty <i>S. epidermidis</i> isolates derived from 42 dairy cows across six conventional dairy herds in Denmark. <b>Methods:</b> Phenotypic resistance was measured by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis, and genotypic resistance was examined through whole-genome sequencing and identification of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Correspondence between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was then evaluated by Cohen’s kappa statistics. Furthermore, the presence of plasmid replicon genes and the strain diversity among the <i>S. epidermidis</i> isolates was investigated to associate these findings with the observed AMR patterns. <b>Results:</b> Results showed that 30/60 isolates (50.0%) were resistant to penicillin phenotypically, while 35/60 (58.3%) were positive for a corresponding <i>blaZ</i> gene (<i>κ</i> = 0.83, <i>p</i> < 0.01). A <i>fosB</i> gene, encoding fosfomycin resistance, was detected in all 60/60 isolates (100.0%), but fosfomycin resistance was not analyzed phenotypically. Based on MIC analysis, 3/60 isolates (5.0%) were multi-drug resistant, showing resistance towards penicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. However, in 11/60 genomes (18.3%), ARGs encoding resistance towards ≥3 antimicrobial classes (e.g., beta-lactams, phosphonic acid, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, and fusidane) were detected. Eleven different ARGs were detected among the 60 isolates in total. No methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE) were recorded. Results further showed that each herd had one primary sequence type (ST) and resistance profile associated with it, and plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer of ARGs was indicated This study underscores the importance of routine resistance surveillance and species-specific diagnoses to improve treatment outcomes and ensure prudent use of antimicrobials.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/67antimicrobial resistanceantimicrobial resistance genesantimicrobial susceptibility testingbovine mastitisgenetic diversityminimum inhibitory concentration |
| spellingShingle | Desiree Corvera Kløve Mikael Lenz Strube Peter M. H. Heegaard Lærke Boye Astrup Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Isolates from Subclinical Mastitis in Danish Dairy Cows Antibiotics antimicrobial resistance antimicrobial resistance genes antimicrobial susceptibility testing bovine mastitis genetic diversity minimum inhibitory concentration |
| title | Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Isolates from Subclinical Mastitis in Danish Dairy Cows |
| title_full | Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Isolates from Subclinical Mastitis in Danish Dairy Cows |
| title_fullStr | Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Isolates from Subclinical Mastitis in Danish Dairy Cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Isolates from Subclinical Mastitis in Danish Dairy Cows |
| title_short | Mapping Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Isolates from Subclinical Mastitis in Danish Dairy Cows |
| title_sort | mapping antimicrobial resistance in i staphylococcus epidermidis i isolates from subclinical mastitis in danish dairy cows |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance antimicrobial resistance genes antimicrobial susceptibility testing bovine mastitis genetic diversity minimum inhibitory concentration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/67 |
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