Using the ICH estimand framework to improve the interpretation of treatment effects in internet interventions
Abstract The ICH E9(R1) Addendum on Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis provides a framework for defining the treatment effect a trial intends to estimate—the estimand. The addendum is widely adopted in pharmaceutical research. However, it remains underutilized in trials investigating internet-based...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Series: | npj Digital Medicine |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01936-0 |
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