Serum hydroxycotinine was associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD): a cross-sectional study based on NHANES

Objective Smoking has been suggested as a modifiable and cardiovascular risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although long-term smoking has been associated with CKD, the potential relationship between its metabolite hydroxycotinine and CKD has not been clarified.Methods A total of 8,544 par...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Meng’en Zhu, Zhimin Bi, Yaoling Wang, Wei Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Renal Failure
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/0886022X.2024.2356024
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