Targeting secretory autophagy in solid cancers: mechanisms, immune regulation and clinical insights
Abstract Secretory autophagy is a classical form of unconventional secretion that integrates autophagy with the secretory process, relying on highly conserved autophagy-related molecules and playing a critical role in tumor progression and treatment resistance. Traditional autophagy is responsible f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Experimental Hematology & Oncology |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40164-025-00603-0 |
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| _version_ | 1832571921609261056 |
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| author | Xinyu Li Haiying Zhao |
| author_facet | Xinyu Li Haiying Zhao |
| author_sort | Xinyu Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Secretory autophagy is a classical form of unconventional secretion that integrates autophagy with the secretory process, relying on highly conserved autophagy-related molecules and playing a critical role in tumor progression and treatment resistance. Traditional autophagy is responsible for degrading intracellular substances by fusing autophagosomes with lysosomes. However, secretory autophagy uses autophagy signaling to mediate the secretion of specific substances and regulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cytoplasmic substances are preferentially secreted rather than directed toward lysosomal degradation, involving various selective mechanisms. Moreover, substances released by secretory autophagy convey biological signals to the TME, inducing immune dysregulation and contributing to drug resistance. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms underlying secretory autophagy is essential for improving clinical treatments. This review systematically summarizes current knowledge of secretory autophagy, from initiation to secretion, considering inter-tumor heterogeneity, explores its role across different tumor types. Furthermore, it proposes future research directions and highlights unresolved clinical challenges. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3effdd25badc4cbda55de7f23db6f78b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2162-3619 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Experimental Hematology & Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-3effdd25badc4cbda55de7f23db6f78b2025-02-02T12:12:00ZengBMCExperimental Hematology & Oncology2162-36192025-02-0114113210.1186/s40164-025-00603-0Targeting secretory autophagy in solid cancers: mechanisms, immune regulation and clinical insightsXinyu Li0Haiying Zhao1Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityDepartment of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityAbstract Secretory autophagy is a classical form of unconventional secretion that integrates autophagy with the secretory process, relying on highly conserved autophagy-related molecules and playing a critical role in tumor progression and treatment resistance. Traditional autophagy is responsible for degrading intracellular substances by fusing autophagosomes with lysosomes. However, secretory autophagy uses autophagy signaling to mediate the secretion of specific substances and regulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cytoplasmic substances are preferentially secreted rather than directed toward lysosomal degradation, involving various selective mechanisms. Moreover, substances released by secretory autophagy convey biological signals to the TME, inducing immune dysregulation and contributing to drug resistance. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms underlying secretory autophagy is essential for improving clinical treatments. This review systematically summarizes current knowledge of secretory autophagy, from initiation to secretion, considering inter-tumor heterogeneity, explores its role across different tumor types. Furthermore, it proposes future research directions and highlights unresolved clinical challenges.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40164-025-00603-0 |
| spellingShingle | Xinyu Li Haiying Zhao Targeting secretory autophagy in solid cancers: mechanisms, immune regulation and clinical insights Experimental Hematology & Oncology |
| title | Targeting secretory autophagy in solid cancers: mechanisms, immune regulation and clinical insights |
| title_full | Targeting secretory autophagy in solid cancers: mechanisms, immune regulation and clinical insights |
| title_fullStr | Targeting secretory autophagy in solid cancers: mechanisms, immune regulation and clinical insights |
| title_full_unstemmed | Targeting secretory autophagy in solid cancers: mechanisms, immune regulation and clinical insights |
| title_short | Targeting secretory autophagy in solid cancers: mechanisms, immune regulation and clinical insights |
| title_sort | targeting secretory autophagy in solid cancers mechanisms immune regulation and clinical insights |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40164-025-00603-0 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xinyuli targetingsecretoryautophagyinsolidcancersmechanismsimmuneregulationandclinicalinsights AT haiyingzhao targetingsecretoryautophagyinsolidcancersmechanismsimmuneregulationandclinicalinsights |