Effect of heterologous intranasal iNCOVACC® vaccination as a booster to two-dose intramuscular Covid-19 vaccination series: a randomized phase 3 clinical trial

Abstract Background Due to waning immunity and emerging variants, protection following primary intramuscular Covid-19 vaccinations is decreasing, so health agencies have been proposing heterologous booster vaccinations. Here, we report immunogenicity and safety evaluation of heterologous booster vac...

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Main Authors: Venkateshwar Rao Akula, Amit Suresh Bhate, Chandrasekhar S. Gillurkar, Jitendra Singh Kushwaha, Ajeet Pratap Singh, Chandramani Singh, Anil Kumar Pandey, Shivaraj K. K, Sanjay K. Rai, Krishna Mohan Vadrevu, BBV154 Study Group
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Communications Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00818-6
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