Spermine Enhances the Peroxidase Activities of Multimeric Antiparallel G-quadruplex DNAzymes
G-quadruplex (G4) DNAzymes with peroxidase activities hold potential for applications in biosensing. While these nanozymes are easy to assemble, they are not as efficient as natural peroxidase enzymes. Several approaches are being used to better understand the structural basis of their reaction mech...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/12 |
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| author | Raphael I. Adeoye Theresia K. Ralebitso-Senior Amanda Boddis Amanda J. Reid Francesca Giuntini Amos A. Fatokun Andrew K. Powell Adaoha Ihekwaba-Ndibe Sylvia O. Malomo Femi J. Olorunniji |
| author_facet | Raphael I. Adeoye Theresia K. Ralebitso-Senior Amanda Boddis Amanda J. Reid Francesca Giuntini Amos A. Fatokun Andrew K. Powell Adaoha Ihekwaba-Ndibe Sylvia O. Malomo Femi J. Olorunniji |
| author_sort | Raphael I. Adeoye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | G-quadruplex (G4) DNAzymes with peroxidase activities hold potential for applications in biosensing. While these nanozymes are easy to assemble, they are not as efficient as natural peroxidase enzymes. Several approaches are being used to better understand the structural basis of their reaction mechanisms, with a view to designing constructs with improved catalytic activities. Spermine alters the structures and enhances the activities of some G4 DNAzymes. The reported effect of spermine in shifting the conformation of some G4 DNAzymes from antiparallel to parallel has not been tested on multimeric G4 DNAzymes. In this study, we examined the effects of spermine on the catalytic activities of multivalent constructs of Bcl2, c-MYC, PS2.M, and PS5.M. Our findings show that spermine significantly improved the peroxidase activity of PS2.M, an antiparallel G4 DNAzyme, while there was no significant effect on c-MYC, which already exists in a parallel conformation. The addition of spermine led to a substantial increase in the initial velocity of PS2.M and its multimeric form, enhancing it by approximately twofold. Therefore, spermine enhancement offers promise in expanding the range of DNAzymes available for use as biosensing tools. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-392bd71b596b4578a633620a14c65f1b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-392bd71b596b4578a633620a14c65f1b2025-01-24T13:25:25ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-01-011511210.3390/bios15010012Spermine Enhances the Peroxidase Activities of Multimeric Antiparallel G-quadruplex DNAzymesRaphael I. Adeoye0Theresia K. Ralebitso-Senior1Amanda Boddis2Amanda J. Reid3Francesca Giuntini4Amos A. Fatokun5Andrew K. Powell6Adaoha Ihekwaba-Ndibe7Sylvia O. Malomo8Femi J. Olorunniji9School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Health, Innovation, Technology and Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UKSchool of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Health, Innovation, Technology and Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UKSchool of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Health, Innovation, Technology and Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UKSchool of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Health, Innovation, Technology and Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UKSchool of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Health, Innovation, Technology and Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UKSchool of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Health, Innovation, Technology and Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UKSchool of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Health, Innovation, Technology and Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UKSchool of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, UKDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Kwara State, NigeriaSchool of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Health, Innovation, Technology and Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UKG-quadruplex (G4) DNAzymes with peroxidase activities hold potential for applications in biosensing. While these nanozymes are easy to assemble, they are not as efficient as natural peroxidase enzymes. Several approaches are being used to better understand the structural basis of their reaction mechanisms, with a view to designing constructs with improved catalytic activities. Spermine alters the structures and enhances the activities of some G4 DNAzymes. The reported effect of spermine in shifting the conformation of some G4 DNAzymes from antiparallel to parallel has not been tested on multimeric G4 DNAzymes. In this study, we examined the effects of spermine on the catalytic activities of multivalent constructs of Bcl2, c-MYC, PS2.M, and PS5.M. Our findings show that spermine significantly improved the peroxidase activity of PS2.M, an antiparallel G4 DNAzyme, while there was no significant effect on c-MYC, which already exists in a parallel conformation. The addition of spermine led to a substantial increase in the initial velocity of PS2.M and its multimeric form, enhancing it by approximately twofold. Therefore, spermine enhancement offers promise in expanding the range of DNAzymes available for use as biosensing tools.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/12G-quadruplexDNAzymessperminemultivalent G-quartetsbiosensingnanozymes |
| spellingShingle | Raphael I. Adeoye Theresia K. Ralebitso-Senior Amanda Boddis Amanda J. Reid Francesca Giuntini Amos A. Fatokun Andrew K. Powell Adaoha Ihekwaba-Ndibe Sylvia O. Malomo Femi J. Olorunniji Spermine Enhances the Peroxidase Activities of Multimeric Antiparallel G-quadruplex DNAzymes Biosensors G-quadruplex DNAzymes spermine multivalent G-quartets biosensing nanozymes |
| title | Spermine Enhances the Peroxidase Activities of Multimeric Antiparallel G-quadruplex DNAzymes |
| title_full | Spermine Enhances the Peroxidase Activities of Multimeric Antiparallel G-quadruplex DNAzymes |
| title_fullStr | Spermine Enhances the Peroxidase Activities of Multimeric Antiparallel G-quadruplex DNAzymes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spermine Enhances the Peroxidase Activities of Multimeric Antiparallel G-quadruplex DNAzymes |
| title_short | Spermine Enhances the Peroxidase Activities of Multimeric Antiparallel G-quadruplex DNAzymes |
| title_sort | spermine enhances the peroxidase activities of multimeric antiparallel g quadruplex dnazymes |
| topic | G-quadruplex DNAzymes spermine multivalent G-quartets biosensing nanozymes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/12 |
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