Causal relationship between COVID-19, vaccination, and 20 digestive diseases: a comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Background Sequelae and complications have become a significant concern in the post-pandemic era of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID−19). However, it remains unclear whether there is a direct causal relationship between COVID−19 or vaccination and digestive diseases, as existing evidence is...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xin Zeng, Xiang Li, Yansong Fu, Jie Chen, Keyi Yang, Hong Qin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Virology Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02847-y
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