Performance Evaluation of Three Diagnostic Methods for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among Schoolchildren in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia
Background. Soil-transmitted helminths are parasitic nematodes found in the intestine. They are more prevalent in the tropics and subtropics, including Ethiopia. However, low-sensitive direct wet mount microscopy fails to detect soil-transmitted helminths among infected cases. Therefore, more sensit...
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Wiley
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Tropical Medicine |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9697165 |
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| author | Shegaw Belay Getaneh Alemu Tadesse Hailu |
| author_facet | Shegaw Belay Getaneh Alemu Tadesse Hailu |
| author_sort | Shegaw Belay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Soil-transmitted helminths are parasitic nematodes found in the intestine. They are more prevalent in the tropics and subtropics, including Ethiopia. However, low-sensitive direct wet mount microscopy fails to detect soil-transmitted helminths among infected cases. Therefore, more sensitive and cost-effective diagnostic methods are urgently needed to minimize soil-transmitted helminthiasis morbidity. Objective. This study aimed to compare and evaluate the performance of diagnostic methods for soil-transmitted helminths against the “gold” standard. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 421 schoolchildren from May to July, 2022 in the Amhara Region. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Stool samples were processed via Kato–Katz, McMaster, and spontaneous tube sedimentation techniques. Data were entered into epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated against the combined result as a “gold” standard. The strength of agreement between the diagnostic methods was determined by the Kappa value. Results. The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths was 32.8% (95% CI: 28.2–37.8%) using a combination of methods. The detection rates of Kato–Katz, McMaster, and spontaneous tube sedimentation were 28.5% (95% CI: 24.2–33.2%), 30% (95% CI: 25.6–34.8%), and 30.5% (95% CI: 26.1–35.3%), respectively. Sensitivity and negative predictive values were 87.1% (95% CI: 80.2–92.3%) and 95.1% (95% CI: 92.6–96.8%) for Kato–Katz; 91.7% (95% CI: 85.6–95.6%) and 96.5% (95% CI: 94.1–98.0%) for McMaster; and 93.2% (95% CI: 87.5–96.8%) and 97.1% (95% CI: 94.7–98.4%) for spontaneous tube sedimentation. Kappa values of Kato–Katz, McMaster, and spontaneous tube sedimentation for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths were 0.901, 0.937, and 0.948, respectively. Conclusion. Kato–Katz, McMaster, and spontaneous tube sedimentation techniques had comparable sensitivity with almost perfect agreement for the detection of soil-transmitted helminths. Therefore, the spontaneous tube sedimentation technique can be used as an alternative diagnostic method for soil-transmitted helminth infections in endemic countries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-390bd1f40bc54eeb8fe5d6e41f5f3c44 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-9694 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Tropical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-390bd1f40bc54eeb8fe5d6e41f5f3c442025-02-03T06:42:56ZengWileyJournal of Tropical Medicine1687-96942023-01-01202310.1155/2023/9697165Performance Evaluation of Three Diagnostic Methods for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among Schoolchildren in Amhara Region, Northwest EthiopiaShegaw Belay0Getaneh Alemu1Tadesse Hailu2Amhara National Regional State Health BureauDepartments of Medical Laboratory ScienceDepartments of Medical Laboratory ScienceBackground. Soil-transmitted helminths are parasitic nematodes found in the intestine. They are more prevalent in the tropics and subtropics, including Ethiopia. However, low-sensitive direct wet mount microscopy fails to detect soil-transmitted helminths among infected cases. Therefore, more sensitive and cost-effective diagnostic methods are urgently needed to minimize soil-transmitted helminthiasis morbidity. Objective. This study aimed to compare and evaluate the performance of diagnostic methods for soil-transmitted helminths against the “gold” standard. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 421 schoolchildren from May to July, 2022 in the Amhara Region. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Stool samples were processed via Kato–Katz, McMaster, and spontaneous tube sedimentation techniques. Data were entered into epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated against the combined result as a “gold” standard. The strength of agreement between the diagnostic methods was determined by the Kappa value. Results. The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths was 32.8% (95% CI: 28.2–37.8%) using a combination of methods. The detection rates of Kato–Katz, McMaster, and spontaneous tube sedimentation were 28.5% (95% CI: 24.2–33.2%), 30% (95% CI: 25.6–34.8%), and 30.5% (95% CI: 26.1–35.3%), respectively. Sensitivity and negative predictive values were 87.1% (95% CI: 80.2–92.3%) and 95.1% (95% CI: 92.6–96.8%) for Kato–Katz; 91.7% (95% CI: 85.6–95.6%) and 96.5% (95% CI: 94.1–98.0%) for McMaster; and 93.2% (95% CI: 87.5–96.8%) and 97.1% (95% CI: 94.7–98.4%) for spontaneous tube sedimentation. Kappa values of Kato–Katz, McMaster, and spontaneous tube sedimentation for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths were 0.901, 0.937, and 0.948, respectively. Conclusion. Kato–Katz, McMaster, and spontaneous tube sedimentation techniques had comparable sensitivity with almost perfect agreement for the detection of soil-transmitted helminths. Therefore, the spontaneous tube sedimentation technique can be used as an alternative diagnostic method for soil-transmitted helminth infections in endemic countries.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9697165 |
| spellingShingle | Shegaw Belay Getaneh Alemu Tadesse Hailu Performance Evaluation of Three Diagnostic Methods for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among Schoolchildren in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia Journal of Tropical Medicine |
| title | Performance Evaluation of Three Diagnostic Methods for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among Schoolchildren in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia |
| title_full | Performance Evaluation of Three Diagnostic Methods for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among Schoolchildren in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Performance Evaluation of Three Diagnostic Methods for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among Schoolchildren in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance Evaluation of Three Diagnostic Methods for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among Schoolchildren in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia |
| title_short | Performance Evaluation of Three Diagnostic Methods for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among Schoolchildren in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia |
| title_sort | performance evaluation of three diagnostic methods for soil transmitted helminth infections among schoolchildren in amhara region northwest ethiopia |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9697165 |
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