Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Trends, Mortality, and Socioeconomic Disparities in the U.S., 1998–2020
Background/Objectives: We aim to describe the changing inpatient epidemiology of NAFLD in the U.S. and identify major risk factors associated with mortality in the disease among hospitalized pediatric patients. Methods: Hospitalization data from the 1998–2020 National Inpatient Sample were utilized....
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2025-01-01
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| author | Paul Wasuwanich Joshua M. So Mustafa Sadek Chaowapong Jarasvaraparn Songyos Rajborirug Ruben E. Quiros-Tejeira Wikrom Karnsakul |
| author_facet | Paul Wasuwanich Joshua M. So Mustafa Sadek Chaowapong Jarasvaraparn Songyos Rajborirug Ruben E. Quiros-Tejeira Wikrom Karnsakul |
| author_sort | Paul Wasuwanich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background/Objectives: We aim to describe the changing inpatient epidemiology of NAFLD in the U.S. and identify major risk factors associated with mortality in the disease among hospitalized pediatric patients. Methods: Hospitalization data from the 1998–2020 National Inpatient Sample were utilized. ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes were used to identify pediatric patients (age less than 18 years old) with NAFLD, and risk factors for mortality were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: We identified 68,869 pediatric hospitalizations involving NAFLD. Among those, 970 (1.4%) died during hospitalization. Hospitalization rates have been rapidly increasing from 1998 to 2020 (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.07; 95% CI: 1.06–1.07; <i>p</i> < 0.001). There was a significant difference in mortality based on the type of hospital (rural, non-teaching urban, or teaching urban) in pediatric patients with NAFLD (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Coagulopathy was significantly associated with increased odds of mortality, while age ≥ 12 years, diabetes and obesity were associated with decreased odds of mortality (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Sex, race/ethnicity, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, and IV drug use were not significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions: Our study has shown ever increasing hospitalization rates for NAFLD in pediatric populations and well as significant risk factors associated with mortality. Further studies should be performed as more data on this patient population are collected. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
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| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Children |
| spelling | doaj-art-3908f5a2da4c4b5b827d1a08d3de57b12025-01-24T13:27:11ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672025-01-011217110.3390/children12010071Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Trends, Mortality, and Socioeconomic Disparities in the U.S., 1998–2020Paul Wasuwanich0Joshua M. So1Mustafa Sadek2Chaowapong Jarasvaraparn3Songyos Rajborirug4Ruben E. Quiros-Tejeira5Wikrom Karnsakul6Department of Internal Medicine, Naples Comprehensive Health, Naples, FL 34102, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, Naples Comprehensive Health, Naples, FL 34102, USADivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USADivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway 10th Floor Suite 1003, Baltimore, MD 21205, USADivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADivision of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway 10th Floor Suite 1003, Baltimore, MD 21205, USABackground/Objectives: We aim to describe the changing inpatient epidemiology of NAFLD in the U.S. and identify major risk factors associated with mortality in the disease among hospitalized pediatric patients. Methods: Hospitalization data from the 1998–2020 National Inpatient Sample were utilized. ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes were used to identify pediatric patients (age less than 18 years old) with NAFLD, and risk factors for mortality were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: We identified 68,869 pediatric hospitalizations involving NAFLD. Among those, 970 (1.4%) died during hospitalization. Hospitalization rates have been rapidly increasing from 1998 to 2020 (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.07; 95% CI: 1.06–1.07; <i>p</i> < 0.001). There was a significant difference in mortality based on the type of hospital (rural, non-teaching urban, or teaching urban) in pediatric patients with NAFLD (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Coagulopathy was significantly associated with increased odds of mortality, while age ≥ 12 years, diabetes and obesity were associated with decreased odds of mortality (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Sex, race/ethnicity, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, and IV drug use were not significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions: Our study has shown ever increasing hospitalization rates for NAFLD in pediatric populations and well as significant risk factors associated with mortality. Further studies should be performed as more data on this patient population are collected.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/1/71fatty liver diseaserisk factorsdiabetesobesitycoagulopathymortality |
| spellingShingle | Paul Wasuwanich Joshua M. So Mustafa Sadek Chaowapong Jarasvaraparn Songyos Rajborirug Ruben E. Quiros-Tejeira Wikrom Karnsakul Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Trends, Mortality, and Socioeconomic Disparities in the U.S., 1998–2020 Children fatty liver disease risk factors diabetes obesity coagulopathy mortality |
| title | Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Trends, Mortality, and Socioeconomic Disparities in the U.S., 1998–2020 |
| title_full | Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Trends, Mortality, and Socioeconomic Disparities in the U.S., 1998–2020 |
| title_fullStr | Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Trends, Mortality, and Socioeconomic Disparities in the U.S., 1998–2020 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Trends, Mortality, and Socioeconomic Disparities in the U.S., 1998–2020 |
| title_short | Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Trends, Mortality, and Socioeconomic Disparities in the U.S., 1998–2020 |
| title_sort | pediatric non alcoholic fatty liver disease nafld trends mortality and socioeconomic disparities in the u s 1998 2020 |
| topic | fatty liver disease risk factors diabetes obesity coagulopathy mortality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/1/71 |
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