Electroacupuncture Modulates Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 on Peripheral and Central Nervous Systems in a Mouse Fibromyalgia Pain Model

Electroacupuncture Modulates Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 on Peripheral and Central Nervous Systems in a Mouse Fibromyalgia Pain Model

<b>Background:</b> Fibromyalgia, a chronic condition that causes long-lasting pain over several months, is a global medical issue with both personal and societal implications. It is one of the hardest types of pain to heal, given the lack of objective parameters for diagnosis and progres...

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Main Authors: Huan-Chin Lin, Hsin-Cheng Hsu, Hsien-Yin Liao, Arbee L.P. Chen, Yi-Wen Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Biomedicines
Subjects:
electroacupuncture
fibromyalgia
PD-L1
TRPV1
spinal cord
somatosensory cortex
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/2/396
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