Significant abundance of bacterial flagellin and expression of its surface localized receptor toll-like receptor 5 and cytokine interleukin-22 in South African infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine take
Abstract Bacterial flagellin, a potent intestinal innate immune activator, prevents murine rotavirus (RV) infection independent of adaptive immunity and interferons. The flagellin-induced immunity is mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR5) and Nod-like receptor C4 (NLRC4), which elicit the production...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Gut Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-024-00672-2 |
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| author | Nontlantla J. Haindongo Mapaseka Seheri Cliff A. Magwira |
| author_facet | Nontlantla J. Haindongo Mapaseka Seheri Cliff A. Magwira |
| author_sort | Nontlantla J. Haindongo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Bacterial flagellin, a potent intestinal innate immune activator, prevents murine rotavirus (RV) infection independent of adaptive immunity and interferons. The flagellin-induced immunity is mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR5) and Nod-like receptor C4 (NLRC4), which elicit the production of interleukins 22 (IL-22) and IL-18, respectively. Here, we assessed whether a high abundance of flagellin at the time of vaccination would negatively affect the oral RV vaccine take. Fecal samples were collected from infants a week after first dose of Rotarix vaccination to establish vaccine shedders (n = 50) and non-shedders (n = 44). The abundance of flagellin and expression of flagellin-encoding fliC, TLR5 and NLRC4, IL-22 and IL-18 genes was determined by qPCR. There were no differences in the abundance of flagellin between vaccine shedders and non-shedders (p = 0.15). However, the expression of FliC was increased 7.5-fold in non-shedders versus shedders (p = 0.001). Similarly, TLR5 (p = 0.045), and not NLRC4 (p = 0.507,) was significantly expressed in non-shedders versus shedders. The expression of IL-22 (p = 0.054), and not IL-18 dependent NLRC4 (p = 0.650), was increased 3.4-fold in non-shedders versus shedders. Collectively, our observations suggest a possible negative impact of the abundance of viable flagellated bacteria at the time of vaccination on the replication and therefore the performance of RV vaccines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-365359be45094c69a19ae2b7ec14a7e3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1757-4749 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gut Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-365359be45094c69a19ae2b7ec14a7e32025-01-19T12:25:16ZengBMCGut Pathogens1757-47492025-01-011711810.1186/s13099-024-00672-2Significant abundance of bacterial flagellin and expression of its surface localized receptor toll-like receptor 5 and cytokine interleukin-22 in South African infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine takeNontlantla J. Haindongo0Mapaseka Seheri1Cliff A. Magwira2Diarrheal Pathogens Research Unit (DPRU), Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences UniversityDiarrheal Pathogens Research Unit (DPRU), Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences UniversityDiarrheal Pathogens Research Unit (DPRU), Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences UniversityAbstract Bacterial flagellin, a potent intestinal innate immune activator, prevents murine rotavirus (RV) infection independent of adaptive immunity and interferons. The flagellin-induced immunity is mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR5) and Nod-like receptor C4 (NLRC4), which elicit the production of interleukins 22 (IL-22) and IL-18, respectively. Here, we assessed whether a high abundance of flagellin at the time of vaccination would negatively affect the oral RV vaccine take. Fecal samples were collected from infants a week after first dose of Rotarix vaccination to establish vaccine shedders (n = 50) and non-shedders (n = 44). The abundance of flagellin and expression of flagellin-encoding fliC, TLR5 and NLRC4, IL-22 and IL-18 genes was determined by qPCR. There were no differences in the abundance of flagellin between vaccine shedders and non-shedders (p = 0.15). However, the expression of FliC was increased 7.5-fold in non-shedders versus shedders (p = 0.001). Similarly, TLR5 (p = 0.045), and not NLRC4 (p = 0.507,) was significantly expressed in non-shedders versus shedders. The expression of IL-22 (p = 0.054), and not IL-18 dependent NLRC4 (p = 0.650), was increased 3.4-fold in non-shedders versus shedders. Collectively, our observations suggest a possible negative impact of the abundance of viable flagellated bacteria at the time of vaccination on the replication and therefore the performance of RV vaccines.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-024-00672-2Bacterial flagellinToll-like receptor 5Nod-like receptor C4Interleukin-22Rotavirus vaccineShedding |
| spellingShingle | Nontlantla J. Haindongo Mapaseka Seheri Cliff A. Magwira Significant abundance of bacterial flagellin and expression of its surface localized receptor toll-like receptor 5 and cytokine interleukin-22 in South African infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine take Gut Pathogens Bacterial flagellin Toll-like receptor 5 Nod-like receptor C4 Interleukin-22 Rotavirus vaccine Shedding |
| title | Significant abundance of bacterial flagellin and expression of its surface localized receptor toll-like receptor 5 and cytokine interleukin-22 in South African infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine take |
| title_full | Significant abundance of bacterial flagellin and expression of its surface localized receptor toll-like receptor 5 and cytokine interleukin-22 in South African infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine take |
| title_fullStr | Significant abundance of bacterial flagellin and expression of its surface localized receptor toll-like receptor 5 and cytokine interleukin-22 in South African infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine take |
| title_full_unstemmed | Significant abundance of bacterial flagellin and expression of its surface localized receptor toll-like receptor 5 and cytokine interleukin-22 in South African infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine take |
| title_short | Significant abundance of bacterial flagellin and expression of its surface localized receptor toll-like receptor 5 and cytokine interleukin-22 in South African infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine take |
| title_sort | significant abundance of bacterial flagellin and expression of its surface localized receptor toll like receptor 5 and cytokine interleukin 22 in south african infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine take |
| topic | Bacterial flagellin Toll-like receptor 5 Nod-like receptor C4 Interleukin-22 Rotavirus vaccine Shedding |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-024-00672-2 |
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