The Gut Microbiota and Its Relevance to Peripheral Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Cytokines in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Growing experimental and clinical evidence suggests that a chronic inflammatory response induced by gut microbiome critically contribute to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies demonstrated the disturbance of lymphocyte subpopulations in RA patients. The purpose of this stu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6665563 |
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| author | Yuan Li Sheng-Xiao Zhang Xu-Fang Yin Ming-Xing Zhang Jun Qiao Xiao-Hong Xin Min-Jing Chang Chong Gao Ya-Feng Li Xiao-Feng Li |
| author_facet | Yuan Li Sheng-Xiao Zhang Xu-Fang Yin Ming-Xing Zhang Jun Qiao Xiao-Hong Xin Min-Jing Chang Chong Gao Ya-Feng Li Xiao-Feng Li |
| author_sort | Yuan Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Growing experimental and clinical evidence suggests that a chronic inflammatory response induced by gut microbiome critically contribute to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies demonstrated the disturbance of lymphocyte subpopulations in RA patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of gut microbiome and the associations between bacterium and lymphocyte subpopulations as well as cytokines in patients with RA. Fecal samples from 205 RA patients and 199 healthy controls (HCs) were collected for bacterial DNA extraction and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. The levels of peripheral lymphocyte subpopulation such as T, B, CD4+T, CD8+T, NK, T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) of these subjects were detected by flow cytometry combined with standard absolute counting beads. The serum levels of cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (INF-γ) were tested by flow cytometric bead array (CBA). Alpha and beta diversity of gut microbiome were explored by bioinformatics analysis. Spearman rank correlation test was used to explore the relationships between gut microbiome and lymphocyte subsets as well as serum cytokines. The diversity and relative abundance of intestinal microbiota in patients with RA were significantly different from those in HCs. Detailly, the abundant of phylum Proteobacteria in RA patients was more than that in HCs, while Firmicutes was less than in HCs. There was increased relative abundance of genus Clostridium_XlVa as well as genus Blautia, more abundance of Ruminococcus2 in patients with lower levels of T, B, CD4+T, and Tregs. In addition, the relative abundances of Pelagibacterium, Oxalobacter, ClostridiumXlVb, and ClostridiumXVIII were correlated with cytokines. Gut microbiome of RA patients was clearly different from that of HCs. Abnormal bacteria communities are associated with the altered levels of lymphocyte subpopulation and cytokines, which might be one of the pathogenesis of RA. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-35d3d2d7d66b43a59b27ddbe9239ca60 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-35d3d2d7d66b43a59b27ddbe9239ca602025-02-03T01:10:53ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562021-01-01202110.1155/2021/66655636665563The Gut Microbiota and Its Relevance to Peripheral Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Cytokines in Patients with Rheumatoid ArthritisYuan Li0Sheng-Xiao Zhang1Xu-Fang Yin2Ming-Xing Zhang3Jun Qiao4Xiao-Hong Xin5Min-Jing Chang6Chong Gao7Ya-Feng Li8Xiao-Feng Li9Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, Precision Medicine Center, The Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Nephrology, Precision Medicine Center, The Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, ChinaGrowing experimental and clinical evidence suggests that a chronic inflammatory response induced by gut microbiome critically contribute to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies demonstrated the disturbance of lymphocyte subpopulations in RA patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of gut microbiome and the associations between bacterium and lymphocyte subpopulations as well as cytokines in patients with RA. Fecal samples from 205 RA patients and 199 healthy controls (HCs) were collected for bacterial DNA extraction and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. The levels of peripheral lymphocyte subpopulation such as T, B, CD4+T, CD8+T, NK, T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) of these subjects were detected by flow cytometry combined with standard absolute counting beads. The serum levels of cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (INF-γ) were tested by flow cytometric bead array (CBA). Alpha and beta diversity of gut microbiome were explored by bioinformatics analysis. Spearman rank correlation test was used to explore the relationships between gut microbiome and lymphocyte subsets as well as serum cytokines. The diversity and relative abundance of intestinal microbiota in patients with RA were significantly different from those in HCs. Detailly, the abundant of phylum Proteobacteria in RA patients was more than that in HCs, while Firmicutes was less than in HCs. There was increased relative abundance of genus Clostridium_XlVa as well as genus Blautia, more abundance of Ruminococcus2 in patients with lower levels of T, B, CD4+T, and Tregs. In addition, the relative abundances of Pelagibacterium, Oxalobacter, ClostridiumXlVb, and ClostridiumXVIII were correlated with cytokines. Gut microbiome of RA patients was clearly different from that of HCs. Abnormal bacteria communities are associated with the altered levels of lymphocyte subpopulation and cytokines, which might be one of the pathogenesis of RA.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6665563 |
| spellingShingle | Yuan Li Sheng-Xiao Zhang Xu-Fang Yin Ming-Xing Zhang Jun Qiao Xiao-Hong Xin Min-Jing Chang Chong Gao Ya-Feng Li Xiao-Feng Li The Gut Microbiota and Its Relevance to Peripheral Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Cytokines in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | The Gut Microbiota and Its Relevance to Peripheral Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Cytokines in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| title_full | The Gut Microbiota and Its Relevance to Peripheral Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Cytokines in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| title_fullStr | The Gut Microbiota and Its Relevance to Peripheral Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Cytokines in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Gut Microbiota and Its Relevance to Peripheral Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Cytokines in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| title_short | The Gut Microbiota and Its Relevance to Peripheral Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Cytokines in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| title_sort | gut microbiota and its relevance to peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6665563 |
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