Microplastics, Antibiotics, and Heavy Metals in Anaerobic Digestion Systems: A Critical Review of Sources, Impacts, and Mitigation Strategies

Microplastics, Antibiotics, and Heavy Metals in Anaerobic Digestion Systems: A Critical Review of Sources, Impacts, and Mitigation Strategies

The widespread implementation of anaerobic digestion (AD) systems for organic waste treatment is increasingly challenged by emerging contaminants, including microplastics (MPs), antibiotics, and heavy metals (HMs), which exhibit environmental persistence and pose risks to ecological and human health...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hongbo Liu, Xiang Yuan, Yuxuan Yao, Lijin Yao, Junbo Zhang, Claudia Maurer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Recycling
Subjects:
anaerobic digestion
organic waste
emerging contaminants
biotreatment
resource utilization
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/10/3/116
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