The association of energy or macronutrient intake in three meals with depression in adults with cardiovascular disease: the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2018

The association of energy or macronutrient intake in three meals with depression in adults with cardiovascular disease: the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2018

Abstract Background There is growing evidence that individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are more likely to develop depression. The timing of food intake can significantly alter the body’s circadian rhythm and affect the occurrence of depression. Currently, it is unknown whether and how ener...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hongquan Xie, Yueying Chen, Jijiao Tang, Yuteng Ma, Ying Liu, Xiyun Ren
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-01-01
Series:BMC Psychiatry
Subjects:
Energy
Macronutrients
Cardiovascular disease
Dietary Substitution Model
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06541-9
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06541-9

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