Efficacy of different biomechanical strategies for modulating force–time parameters of high-velocity low-amplitude manipulation of the thoracic spine: a randomized crossover experimental study

Abstract Background Manual therapy, including high-velocity low-amplitude spinal manipulation (HVLA-SM), is a complex motor task performed by trained individuals. The ability to modulate the magnitude of applied forces is an attribute of proficiency that is challenging for providers and students. Ad...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Grand Choi, Averie McGuinty, Nicole Meaghan Smith, Erinn McCreath Frangakis, David Starmer, Samuel J. Howarth, Simon Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Chiropractic & Manual Therapies
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-025-00585-0
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