Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in Mexican children and adolescents: retrospective cross-sectional study
Objective To describe the epidemiology and risk factors for hospitalisation and death in Mexican children under 18 years of age with COVID-19.Design Retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical study.Setting Mexican Ministry of Health open databases with COVID-19 cases occurred from 7 March 2020 to...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2022-06-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/6/e055074.full |
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| author | Mauricio Hernandez-Avila Libny Martínez-Valdez Vesta Richardson López Collada Luis Enrique Castro-Ceronio Ángela María Rodríguez Gutiérrez Aurora Bautista-Márquez |
| author_facet | Mauricio Hernandez-Avila Libny Martínez-Valdez Vesta Richardson López Collada Luis Enrique Castro-Ceronio Ángela María Rodríguez Gutiérrez Aurora Bautista-Márquez |
| author_sort | Mauricio Hernandez-Avila |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective To describe the epidemiology and risk factors for hospitalisation and death in Mexican children under 18 years of age with COVID-19.Design Retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical study.Setting Mexican Ministry of Health open databases with COVID-19 cases occurred from 7 March 2020 to 30 September 2021.Participants Mexican children under 18 years of age with COVID-19.Main outcome measures COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths were characterised by age group, sex, presence of pneumonia and comorbidities, intubation and intensive care unit admission, and institution that provided medical care. Cumulative incidence, mortality, case fatality rates and ORs for hospitalisation and death were estimated by age group.Results 5.5% (204 641) of national COVID-19 cases were children under 18 years of age: 2.9% under 1 year, 12.5% from 1 to 5 years, 15% from 6 to 9 years and 69.4% from 10 to 17 years. 4.6% of all cases were hospitalised, from which 54.6% were male, 35.3% were children under 1 year old, 39.6% were adolescents and 34% had pneumonia. Pneumonia developed in 2.3% of cases, from which 50% were adolescents. Case fatality rate was higher in children less than 1 year old (4.2%). Risk analyses showed that male sex (OR 1.16–1.28), history of pneumonia (OR 29.7–65.4), immunosuppression (OR 5.3–42.9), cardiovascular disease (OR 4.4–14.6) and other comorbidities (OR 5.4–19.1), as well as age less than 1 year (OR 20.1, 95% CI 18.8 to 21.4), confer a greater risk of hospitalisation; in addition to comorbidities, age less than 1 year (OR 16.6, 95% CI 14.1 to 19.6), history of pneumonia (OR 14.1–135.1) and being an adolescent from an indigenous community (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.23 to 5.54, p=0.012) increase the risk of death.Conclusions In Mexico, children less than 1 year old with COVID-19 have higher risk of hospitalisation and death than older children. Adolescents with COVID-19 in association with comorbidities develop adverse outcomes more frequently. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2a3f967e8e7145aba58f6c1e09d68fe1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-2a3f967e8e7145aba58f6c1e09d68fe12025-01-24T13:25:12ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552022-06-0112610.1136/bmjopen-2021-055074Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in Mexican children and adolescents: retrospective cross-sectional studyMauricio Hernandez-Avila0Libny Martínez-Valdez1Vesta Richardson López Collada2Luis Enrique Castro-Ceronio3Ángela María Rodríguez Gutiérrez4Aurora Bautista-Márquez5Dirección de Prestaciones Económicas y Sociales, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, MexicoCoordinación del Servicio de Guardería, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, MexicoCoordinación del Servicio de Guardería, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, MexicoCoordinación del Servicio de Guardería, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, MexicoCoordinación del Servicio de Guardería, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, MexicoCoordinación del Servicio de Guardería, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, MexicoObjective To describe the epidemiology and risk factors for hospitalisation and death in Mexican children under 18 years of age with COVID-19.Design Retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical study.Setting Mexican Ministry of Health open databases with COVID-19 cases occurred from 7 March 2020 to 30 September 2021.Participants Mexican children under 18 years of age with COVID-19.Main outcome measures COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths were characterised by age group, sex, presence of pneumonia and comorbidities, intubation and intensive care unit admission, and institution that provided medical care. Cumulative incidence, mortality, case fatality rates and ORs for hospitalisation and death were estimated by age group.Results 5.5% (204 641) of national COVID-19 cases were children under 18 years of age: 2.9% under 1 year, 12.5% from 1 to 5 years, 15% from 6 to 9 years and 69.4% from 10 to 17 years. 4.6% of all cases were hospitalised, from which 54.6% were male, 35.3% were children under 1 year old, 39.6% were adolescents and 34% had pneumonia. Pneumonia developed in 2.3% of cases, from which 50% were adolescents. Case fatality rate was higher in children less than 1 year old (4.2%). Risk analyses showed that male sex (OR 1.16–1.28), history of pneumonia (OR 29.7–65.4), immunosuppression (OR 5.3–42.9), cardiovascular disease (OR 4.4–14.6) and other comorbidities (OR 5.4–19.1), as well as age less than 1 year (OR 20.1, 95% CI 18.8 to 21.4), confer a greater risk of hospitalisation; in addition to comorbidities, age less than 1 year (OR 16.6, 95% CI 14.1 to 19.6), history of pneumonia (OR 14.1–135.1) and being an adolescent from an indigenous community (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.23 to 5.54, p=0.012) increase the risk of death.Conclusions In Mexico, children less than 1 year old with COVID-19 have higher risk of hospitalisation and death than older children. Adolescents with COVID-19 in association with comorbidities develop adverse outcomes more frequently.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/6/e055074.full |
| spellingShingle | Mauricio Hernandez-Avila Libny Martínez-Valdez Vesta Richardson López Collada Luis Enrique Castro-Ceronio Ángela María Rodríguez Gutiérrez Aurora Bautista-Márquez Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in Mexican children and adolescents: retrospective cross-sectional study BMJ Open |
| title | Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in Mexican children and adolescents: retrospective cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in Mexican children and adolescents: retrospective cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in Mexican children and adolescents: retrospective cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in Mexican children and adolescents: retrospective cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in Mexican children and adolescents: retrospective cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | risk factors for covid 19 hospitalisations and deaths in mexican children and adolescents retrospective cross sectional study |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/6/e055074.full |
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