4D printing: innovative solutions and technological advances in orthopedic repair and reconstruction, personalized treatment and drug delivery

Abstract With precise control of smart materials deformation in time dimension, doctors can customize orthopedic implants. This review focuses on the advances of 4D printing technology in orthopedics, including its applications in bone repair and reconstruction, personalized treatment, and drug deli...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chenxi Shen, Aiyong Shen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-01-01
Series:BioMedical Engineering OnLine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-025-01334-3
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