Increasing prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in childhood type 1 diabetes in the pre-COVID but not during the COVID era
IntroductionStudies assessing longitudinal changes in the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) among the pediatric population are limited. During the COVID-19 era, several papers proposed a rise in AIT cases. Our study aimed to analyze the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity (TA) over a 10-year...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1496155/full |
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| author | Vivien Herczeg Eszter Muzslay Diána Czipó Lili Terkovics Johanna Takács Réka Garai Réka Garai Fanni Kovács Andrea Luczay Anna Körner Péter Tóth-Heyn |
| author_facet | Vivien Herczeg Eszter Muzslay Diána Czipó Lili Terkovics Johanna Takács Réka Garai Réka Garai Fanni Kovács Andrea Luczay Anna Körner Péter Tóth-Heyn |
| author_sort | Vivien Herczeg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionStudies assessing longitudinal changes in the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) among the pediatric population are limited. During the COVID-19 era, several papers proposed a rise in AIT cases. Our study aimed to analyze the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity (TA) over a 10-year period spanning pre-pandemic and pandemic years in a population who are regularly screened for thyroid disturbances.Materials and methodsThis single-center retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 1,361 children and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated between 2013 and 2022 in Hungary’s largest pediatric endocrinology center. Results of anti-thyroid autoantibodies (anti-thyroid peroxidase/ATPO/and antithyroglobulin/ATG/), thyroid function tests (TFTs) and thyroid ultrasound examinations were obtained. Annual prevalence rates of TA and ultrasound-proven thyroiditis were calculated. Mean (± SD) follow-up period was 4.7 (± 2.8) years.ResultsThe overall prevalence of TA among our T1D children was 22.8% ([20.3;25.5], 310 cases) with significantly more girls affected (p<0.001). From 2013 to 2022, TA prevalence rose from 15.9% to 20.6% (p=0.041). The increase was detected during the pre-pandemic years but not in the COVID-19 era. Ultrasound-confirmed thyroiditis was present in 80.0% of examined TA cases. Ultrasound positivity rate was stable during the study period. Among our children with TA, 28.5% exhibited clinically relevant thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) abnormalities (most commonly subclinical hypothyroidism) and/or were prescribed thyroid medication. Children with AIT had a significantly elevated risk of thyroid dysfunction compared to those with only thyroid autoantibody positivity (p<0.001).ConclusionOur results show a rise in the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity among T1D children over the past decade, but our data do not support the assumed role of SARS-CoV-2 in the development of the disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-24e89c710490403781f3ecd6476c83ac |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-24e89c710490403781f3ecd6476c83ac2025-01-24T10:45:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-01-011510.3389/fendo.2024.14961551496155Increasing prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in childhood type 1 diabetes in the pre-COVID but not during the COVID eraVivien Herczeg0Eszter Muzslay1Diána Czipó2Lili Terkovics3Johanna Takács4Réka Garai5Réka Garai6Fanni Kovács7Andrea Luczay8Anna Körner9Péter Tóth-Heyn10Pediatric Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (MTA) Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryPediatric Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (MTA) Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryFaculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryFaculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Social Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryPediatric Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (MTA) Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryCentre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryPediatric Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (MTA) Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryPediatric Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (MTA) Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryDiabetology Clinic, Szent János Hospital and North-Buda Unified Hospitals, Budapest, HungaryPediatric Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (MTA) Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, HungaryIntroductionStudies assessing longitudinal changes in the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) among the pediatric population are limited. During the COVID-19 era, several papers proposed a rise in AIT cases. Our study aimed to analyze the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity (TA) over a 10-year period spanning pre-pandemic and pandemic years in a population who are regularly screened for thyroid disturbances.Materials and methodsThis single-center retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 1,361 children and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated between 2013 and 2022 in Hungary’s largest pediatric endocrinology center. Results of anti-thyroid autoantibodies (anti-thyroid peroxidase/ATPO/and antithyroglobulin/ATG/), thyroid function tests (TFTs) and thyroid ultrasound examinations were obtained. Annual prevalence rates of TA and ultrasound-proven thyroiditis were calculated. Mean (± SD) follow-up period was 4.7 (± 2.8) years.ResultsThe overall prevalence of TA among our T1D children was 22.8% ([20.3;25.5], 310 cases) with significantly more girls affected (p<0.001). From 2013 to 2022, TA prevalence rose from 15.9% to 20.6% (p=0.041). The increase was detected during the pre-pandemic years but not in the COVID-19 era. Ultrasound-confirmed thyroiditis was present in 80.0% of examined TA cases. Ultrasound positivity rate was stable during the study period. Among our children with TA, 28.5% exhibited clinically relevant thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) abnormalities (most commonly subclinical hypothyroidism) and/or were prescribed thyroid medication. Children with AIT had a significantly elevated risk of thyroid dysfunction compared to those with only thyroid autoantibody positivity (p<0.001).ConclusionOur results show a rise in the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity among T1D children over the past decade, but our data do not support the assumed role of SARS-CoV-2 in the development of the disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1496155/fulltype 1 diabetes mellitusCOVID-19epidemiologyHashimoto diseasepediatric endocrinologypost-acute COVID-19 syndrome |
| spellingShingle | Vivien Herczeg Eszter Muzslay Diána Czipó Lili Terkovics Johanna Takács Réka Garai Réka Garai Fanni Kovács Andrea Luczay Anna Körner Péter Tóth-Heyn Increasing prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in childhood type 1 diabetes in the pre-COVID but not during the COVID era Frontiers in Endocrinology type 1 diabetes mellitus COVID-19 epidemiology Hashimoto disease pediatric endocrinology post-acute COVID-19 syndrome |
| title | Increasing prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in childhood type 1 diabetes in the pre-COVID but not during the COVID era |
| title_full | Increasing prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in childhood type 1 diabetes in the pre-COVID but not during the COVID era |
| title_fullStr | Increasing prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in childhood type 1 diabetes in the pre-COVID but not during the COVID era |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increasing prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in childhood type 1 diabetes in the pre-COVID but not during the COVID era |
| title_short | Increasing prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in childhood type 1 diabetes in the pre-COVID but not during the COVID era |
| title_sort | increasing prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in childhood type 1 diabetes in the pre covid but not during the covid era |
| topic | type 1 diabetes mellitus COVID-19 epidemiology Hashimoto disease pediatric endocrinology post-acute COVID-19 syndrome |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1496155/full |
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