Cardiac Hemodynamics, Tissue Oxygenation, and Functional Capacity in Post-COVID-19 Patients
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the functional capacity of post-COVID-19 patients with a control group and analyze cardiac hemodynamics and muscle tissue oxygenation responses during assessment protocols in both groups. <i>Materials and Me...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/1/124 |
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| Summary: | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the functional capacity of post-COVID-19 patients with a control group and analyze cardiac hemodynamics and muscle tissue oxygenation responses during assessment protocols in both groups. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients with COVID-19 and a control group who were all aged ≥18 years. Participants underwent two functional capacity tests: the one-minute sit–stand test (1-STS) and the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Cardiac hemodynamic responses were evaluated using impedance during the 1-STS, and tissue perfusion responses in the oxygenation were recorded during and after both tests. The Friedman test was used for within-group and the Mann–Whitney test was used for between-group comparisons. <i>Results</i>: Thirty-six post-COVID-19 patients (median age 36 years, BMI 26.51 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and eleven control subjects (median age 25 years, BMI 23.71 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were enrolled. The post-COVID-19 group showed a 20% decrease in 6MWT distance (<i>p</i> = 0.0001) and a 28% decrease in 1-STS repetitions (<i>p</i> = 0.01) versus the control group. Cardiac hemodynamic differences were observed in the post-COVID-19 group during the 1-STS, with reductions in the stroke volume index (18%, <i>p</i> = 0.004), cardiac index (21%, <i>p</i> = 0.0009), Contractility Index (78%, <i>p</i> = 0.0001), and Ejection Fraction (29%, <i>p</i> = 0.0003) and increases in Systemic Vascular Resistance (25%, <i>p</i> = 0.03) and the Systemic Vascular Resistance Index (27%, <i>p</i> = 0.0007). Tissue oxygenation during the 6MWT and 1-STS showed no significant differences between groups. <i>Conclusions</i>: The post-COVID-19 subjects exhibited a reduction in functional capacity, changes in hemodynamic responses related to cardiac and systemic vascular resistance, and a similar pattern of muscle oxygen delivery and consumption in both tests |
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| ISSN: | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |